Notes

Genetically modified crops offer more benefits than the weeds

Wild plants may be resistant to herbicides.

Credit Xiao Yang
It has been demonstrated that a technique for genetic modification, which is widely used to create crops that are herbicide-resistant confers advantages on the rice that is weedy. The results indicate that such modification may be able to have positive effects on wild rice varieties and the crops.

A variety of varieties of crops are genetically engineered to be resistant to glyphosate. The herbicide, initially known as Roundup it was released on the market in the year 1996 under the trade name Roundup. This glyphosate-resistant crop allows farmers to eradicate the majority of plants without causing damage to their crop.

Glyphosate is a plant-killer by inhibiting EPSP synase which is an enzyme involved in the production of amino acids and other chemicals that comprise about 35% of the plant's mass. Genetic modification, such as the Roundup Ready crops manufactured by Monsanto in St. Louis, Missouri, involves inserting genes to a crop's genetic code in order to increase EPSP production. Genes typically come from bacteria that infect plants.

The extra EPSP synase makes it possible for plants to counter the harmful effects of glyphosate. Biotechnology labs have also attempted to create EPSP synthase with more plant-based components than bacteria by utilizing genes taken from plants. This was partly used to take advantage of an inconsistency found in US law, which permits the approval of regulatory authorities for organisms that are not derived from bacteria or parasites.

A few studies have looked into whether transgenes such glyphosate-resistant genes can -- once introduced to weedy or wild plants through cross-pollination enhance the competition of plants in terms of survival, reproduction and growth. Norman Ellstrand of University of California Riverside states, "The conventional expectation is that any type of transgene found in the wild could be detrimental if there's no selection pressure , because the added machinery can decrease the fitness."

Lu Baorong (an ecologist at Fudan University, Shanghai) has now questioned that opinion. It shows that resistance to glyphosate provides an impressive fitness boost to a weedy rice crop called Oryza sativa even when not in use.

ラウンドアップ In the study published this month in New Phytologist 1, Lu and his colleagues modified the genetics of the cultivated rice species to overexpress the species' own EPSP synthase. They also crossed-bred the altered rice with a weedy ancestor.

The team then allowed the offspring of cross-breeding to cross-breed with each other to create second generation hybrids. They were identical genetically apart from the number of EPSP synthase genes they carried. https://www.monotaro.com/g/01028612/ ラウンドアップ As one would expect, hybrids with more copies had a higher chance to produce more tryptophan and had higher enzyme levels over their counterparts that were not modified.

Researchers also discovered that transgenic hybrids are more photogenic, produced more plants per plant and had 48-125% higher yields of seeds than the non-transgenic varieties.

Lu states that making weedy grains more competitive could cause more problems to farmers all over the world who have crops infected by the insect.

Brian Ford Lloyd, a UK plant scientist, has said that the EPSP Synthase gene could get into wild rice species. ラウンドアップ This would threaten their genetic diversity, which is crucial. "This is a prime illustration of the most likely and harmful impacts of GM crops on the environment."

https://rd.listing.yahoo.co.jp/p/search/GU=A-aJT2MAAKTq5uILuw_BZxygRHC7XaC795v28tm01XnGuONMRSy1z-wCIEaMGnET6GDffSIZ7U0mRXXQ4dkLk_-ILDngwHK86w4_JeluICda8x1-jq_rrPKINn8rkl5_m5feQOviMUCdNtmzNkkBTsJ4hqpPXWU6SG4FOd7c9KWKr86UBpGveYYUQM3Qn2JFK_NI9lTrujKtlEoJdRrVBGAYcF_QGUsjOGzSVGMIhA4RBNaKTVYQxsW0DOW0XXniicnzwN4GGK9Jjnqr9dJezjfYxNLZeVDMxZhm6KBMyshSPqK2Fy4jVGXUYAjKIo1TRt3Ydk88jFrKynbrSgh-1rprpxj54FplD1IFeHQBiGNd9rasKj0EFLp8w-peeSmK518tWSnMec1oDTfTBcSHV6Ey8ks8HNWoOXaN-mtiTBfSZBzkiDW58tVr2B57ZzcR50GJb9Tzwg47FaEmofbcOOkvf62_Rhy4jTehyjo1dxfJFWbO3P1LBPLjb7LNXnUTZscg8jdeNoy6LQ2_a9KqkFj4kuAeVyi1CbVpuwg3orocP46NVh2uFiVE3vXxiDRiOFLX-o00dDCY-Qo5qFyJbUtpVfyJqMChzXdjo1kySAGVcLDplpdVWmm996XwMMAAVXV0XSgANklgBZIpWiBERqh53q9wea_t-qw2BSOL0klByxL0GANknisrgaW7jB0LuHrMosqAt6hjry0IACGaIxDvd8_6w7W0b5Gs9xr4bJkQOAghWoSmKftD-oZG-Egbaw7yeH0KGoMoCFrFuChIpVR9vG-v5txe-jWbb8kGMsDrpgGuvr97YgCLjnj62l0c5FEJdFtHq_M1lk82-dcuy0wiILrL1XMLJ18EV4bXY-JkNJ2Jn1VffIOCywj8DBDrcDIHfVXfGUxBHrtgSs0TGn_Zqc8CRXXrbOQwHHcPmzjD5dJZasmrCrUT_ZtY9o9ogyH9MgPp7E6zkdjehfJWs8koPeipeZUeAwyZCMOr5w522BKnEV8scVMwbMl-ZGHGUUjWiNlofZH5cJTIwwAzz0Jex39WKScPTobncdk_T4abLy3uQpK-_ahUJJ9LLkFnPpAjLV-p-QZRFfY96mNXVu371lZwaAjwgFYo8xcIjQf9sYbkSyciRYm8uIRf2BVXJQAN0_Ze3Q1SGHWus7LPtQDUsGOx4aMiv-Tl1UzSRm09fdPTA1TC2rBatoZGz0OssDywRCj08oWt;/?ep=A-aJT2MAAPKEL4Teunm-YLdk6ypHqeTG1yfV8nwPK64WFxIW01b_yaN27nZcQ3LDiDBqieIuvVWd6CaSurBnd2qTiduZID3Yp_PRZ34sibHeK1KhOVuFc8FffBr0Mc9vGd9dGySeugmYm-Ye6Didz3LbEvBVYqdEAYm0hOritiKpLmZWLypoGRssf66ZOmAFtRPs41MKeQv_yfqVYERw1rD-kGGV5FVoK6Xm&v=2 The popular belief that genetically modified crops that contain additional copies of their genes are safer is challenged by this study. Lu claims that the study does not support this notion.

ラウンドアップ According to some researchers this finding suggests that the future regulation of genetically engineered plants should be rethought. ラウンドアップ 原液 筆 Ellstrand claims that some people believe that biosafety regulations could be relaxed since we have two years of genetic engineering. "But the research still suggests that new products need careful analysis."


Read More: https://tcss.vivahome.com/product/commodity/0000/08030102-006328/