Notes

How did Roundup Ready and Roundup develop?
What is Roundup ready and what are the Roundup-ready crops? Roundup Ready is a trademark name for a patent-pending line of genetically modified seeds that are resistant to the herbicide glyphosate, Roundup. These plants are known as Roundup Ready crops.

Roundup, then, was it actually invented?
John Franz, Monsanto's chemist John Franz, Monsanto's chemist, first recognized Glyphos an herbicide in Roundup in 1970. ラウンドアップ Pre-emergent herbicides were used in the agricultural sector in the early days. They were sprayed before the weeds or crops appeared. Glyphosate's capability to control large numbers of grass weeds and broadleafs was a completely different thing. Its unique environmental characteristics (soil inactivation and rapid degradation, etc.) and toxicological properties (extremely low levels of toxicity to mammals and other beneficial organisms) made it a revolutionary product.

When was Roundup first introduced?
Roundup(r) was introduced into the market in 1974 as a broad-spectrum herbicide and quickly became one of the top agricultural chemicals on the market. Roundup(r) was originally used in ditches, railway tracks, as well as on fields between growing seasons, quickly rose to the forefront. It allowed ranchers and farmers to control broadleaf and grass plants that had sprung up from the soil.

Next was Roundup Ready GMOs.
Monsanto scientists were inspired by the amazing advancements in recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s. They realized the numerous benefits for farmers who benefited if Roundup (r) could be directly applied on their crops to eliminate the growth of weeds. The challenge was first tackled by a small team of scientists, led by Dr. ラウンドアップ 20 l Ernie Jaworski (Rob Horsch and Steve Rogers), In the early 1980s this team had developed the first systems that allowed the introduction of particular genes into plants and our focus was on the development of viruses-resistant, insect resistant and Roundup-tolerant plants.

It was discovered that Roundup blocked the production of aromatic amino acids in plants. This is the reason for Roundup's extremely safe for mammals. Also, glyphosate was quickly degraded in soils by microorganisms. In the mid-80s scientists discovered both plant genes and microbial genes which conferred higher herbicide tolerance. In 1987, the USDA approved the first field study of Roundup Ready crops. It was a Roundup-resistant crop of genetically modified tomatoes that proved resistant to Roundup. A few more years later the Roundup Ready gene was isolated and identified.

Let's consider soybeans as an illustration. The first step is to address two issues. What is Roundup Ready soybeans? And how do they make them? ラウンドアップ Roundup Ready soybeans can be genetically engineered in order to be able to resist the herbicide Roundup. Since each soybean seed was injected with the Roundup Ready gene before planting this variety of soybeans is resistant to glyphosate. That means farmers can apply the herbicide to remove weeds without killing their crop.

Roundup Ready crop introductions in 1996 had a significant impact on the field of agricultural science. ラウンドアップ Farmers quickly recognized the benefits of Roundup resistance and its adoption was very quick (today more than 90% of the U.S. soybean cotton, corn, and canola fields use biotech traits for resistance to herbicides). Roundup Ready crops are simpler and improved weed control systems that resulted in greater yields of the crop. Along with reducing tillage and equipment costs Roundup Ready crops facilitate harvests as there are less weeds. Increased adoption of conservation-tillage has had a significant impact on the environment. ラウンドアップ Farmers can cut down on their energy consumption and GHGs by cutting down on plowing. But this also keeps soil structure intact and helps reduce erosion. This was equivalent of taking away 28.4 Billion tonnes of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere which is 12.4 M cars off the road for a single year (Source . PG Economics.
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