Notes

Genetically modified crops pass benefits to Weeds

The wild plants may possess an herbicide resistance advantage.

Credit Xiao Yang
The use of genetic modification to create crops resistant to herbicides has been widely employed to create advantages for weedy rice varieties. This finding suggests that these modifications may affect the environment beyond farms.

A variety of kinds of plants have been genetically altered to be resistive to glyphosate. ラウンドアップ Roundup was the first herbicide that was marketed. The resistance to glyphosate allows farmers to eliminate herbicides, without causing damage to their crop.

ラウンドアップ Glyphosate is a plant-killer by blocking EPSP synase which is an enzyme involved in the production amino acids, as well as other chemical compounds that comprise about 35% of plant mass. The technique of genetic modification that is employed by Monsanto's Roundup Ready crops, which are located in St Louis (Missouri), typically involves inserting genes in the DNA of a plant to boost EPSP synthase's production. The genes are often derived from bacteria that has caused the infection of the plants.

The plant can withstand the effects caused by glyphosate since it has an additional EPSP-synthase. Biotechnology labs also have tried to make EPSP-synthase more plant-based than bacteria by utilizing genes taken from plants. This was partly made to make use of the loophole in US law, which permits regulatory approval for organisms that aren't derived from bacteria or parasites.

There aren't many studies that have examined whether transgenes , such as those that confer glyphosate resistance are able to -- once they are wild or weedy relatives via cross-pollination -make plants more competitive for survival and reproduction. Norman Ellstrand of the University of California, Riverside, stated that the conventional expectation was that any transgene will cause disadvantage in nature when there was no pressure to select. This is due to the fact that any additional machinery could reduce the effectiveness of.

https://www.rakuten.ne.jp/gold/kaientai/category/sunfulon/ Lu Baorong is an Ecologist in Fudan University Shanghai. His study shows that resistance to glyphosate is a major fitness benefit, even though it isn't applied.

Lu and his colleagues modified cultivated rice varieties to make more EPSP synthase. They also crossed the modified rice with a weedy related. Their work was published in NewPhytologist 1.

The group then allowed the offspring of cross-breeding to cross-breed with one other to create second-generation hybrids. They were identical genetically except for the amount of EPSP synthase genes they carried. As one would expect, hybrids with more copies were more likely to make more tryptophan and had more enzyme levels over their counterparts that were not modified.

Researchers also discovered that transgenic hybrids produced between 48-125percent more seeds per plant, had more photosynthesis, and had more shoots than non-transgenic ones.

Lu believes making weedy, aggressive rice more competitive could hinder farmers to recoup the damage caused by this bug.

Brian Ford-Lloyd, a researcher at Brian Ford-Lloyd from the University of Birmingham, UK, says "If the EPSP synthase gene is introduced to wild rice varieties, their genetic variety that was so important in conserving it, could be endangered because it will surpass the regular varieties." "This is one the most evident examples of highly plausible harmful consequences (of GM crops] upon the natural environment."

The public believes that genetically modified plants containing more copies of their own genes than those from microorganisms are more safe. This belief is also challenged by the study. Lu says, "Our study shows this is not always the case."

Certain researchers believe that this finding requires a review of the future regulation of crops that have been genetically modified. Ellstrand says "Some people think that regulation of biosafety should be relaxed." https://www.dcm-ekurashi.com/goods/383679 Ellstrand addsthat "But the research shows that the new technologies require an unbiased assessment."

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