Notes

How did Roundup Ready & Roundup come to be?
First of all, what is Roundup Ready? And what are the Roundup Ready plants? Roundup Ready refers to a trademarked line of genetically modified crop seeds that is resistant to Roundup. ラウンドアップ 業務用 These crops are called Roundup Ready.

Roundup Then, was it actually made up?
John Franz, a Monsanto Chemist, found that Glyphosate is the active ingredient in Roundup in the year 1970. In the year 1970, the majority of herbicides that were used in the agriculture field were pre-emergent. That is, they were applied before the plants and weeds had appeared. The post-emergent efficiency of glyphosate at controlling large amounts of broadleaf grass weeds was awe-inspiring. This, along with its remarkable environmental properties (soil degradation and rapid degradation, etc.) and toxicological characteristics (extremely high toxicity for mammals (and beneficial organisms), made it an outstanding product.

ラウンドアップ Which year was it when Roundup the first time it was introduced?
Roundup (r) was first introduced to the market in 1974. It is an herbicide for all kinds of plants that soon became a world leading product. Roundup(r), which was originally used in ditches, railroads, and also on fields during the growing seasons, quickly rose to the forefront. This helped farmers keep weeds out of the broadleaf grass that came up from the soil, decreasing the need for tillage, preserving soil structure, and reducing soil erosion.

Then came the question of Roundup Ready GMOs.
Inspiring by the amazing breakthroughs in recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s, Monsanto scientists recognized the numerous advantages for farmers who benefited if Roundup(r) could be directly applied to their crops to control weeds within their fields. The problem was initially tackled by a small group of scientists led by Dr Ernie Jaworski (Rob Horsch and Steve Rogers), By the early 1980s, this group had developed the first methods that allowed the introduction of specific genes into plants. https://search.yahoo.co.jp/video/search?rkf=2&ei=UTF-8&fr=wsr_gvu&p=%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97 Our attention shifted to developing virus-resistant as well as insect-resistant and Roundup-tolerant plants.

ラウンドアップ It was established that Roundup glyphosate inhibited plants' ability to produce aromatic amino acids. Roundup's high level in mammal safety was because of this. Glyphosate was also quickly processed in the soil by microorganisms. ラウンドアップ 互換 Our research had already identified both plant- and microbial genetics that conferred more herbicide resistance. Roundup Ready plants were first tested in the field by USDA in 1987. This was a Roundup resistant crop of genetically modified tomatoes that proved tolerant to Roundup. After a few years, the Roundup Ready gene was isolated and identified.

Let's consider soybeans as an illustration. We first need to answer two questions. What is Roundup Ready soybeans? And how do they make them? Roundup Ready Soybeans is a genetically engineered variety of soybeans with its DNA modified to protect them from Roundup, an herbicide. This soybean is intolerant to Roundup because each seed has the Roundup Ready gene that has been infected before it is planted. That means farmers can apply the herbicide to get rid of weeds, without killing their crop.

As you can see, the introduction of Roundup Ready crops in 1996 changed the way farmers and agricultural scientists work! Farmers soon realized the advantages of Roundup resistance and its adoption was rapid (today over 90% of U.S. soybean cotton, corn, and canola acres use biotech traits for herbicide resistance). Apart from reducing and improving the effectiveness of weed control systems that increased yields for crops Roundup Ready crops decreased tillage and reduced equipment costs and made harvesting easier due to "cleaner areas" with fewer plants. Conservation tillage has had an environmental impact that is significant. https://pesticide.maff.go.jp/agricultural-chemicals/details/14360 Farmers have reduced their energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions by using smaller plowing. This helps preserve soil structure and slows erosion. This was equivalent of taking away 28.4 Billion tonnes of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, equivalent to 12.4 M automobiles off the roads for a single year (Source . PG Economics.
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