Notes

The advantages of genetically modified crops over weeds

Wild plants may be resistant to herbicides.

Credit goes to Xiao Yang
The most common method for the genetic modification of plants to make them herbicide resistant has been proven to provide advantages to weedy varieties of rice, even when herbicide isn't present. The results suggest that this modification may be able to be beneficial to wild rice varieties as well as crop varieties.

A variety of crop varieties have been genetically modified so that they can ward off glyphosate. The herbicide was initially available under the trade name Roundup. Farmers are able to eliminate weeds in their fields using glyphosate and not harm their crops because of this resistance.

Glyphosate can inhibit plant growth by inhibiting EPSP synase which is an enzyme involved in the production amino acids, as well as other chemical compounds that make up about 35% of plants' mass. Genetic modification, for instance, the Roundup Ready crops manufactured by Monsanto in St. Louis, Missouri, involves inserting genes into the genetic code to boost EPSP production. Genes are typically derived from bacteria that infect the plants.

The plant is able to withstand the effects caused by glyphosate since it has an extra EPSP-synthase. Biotechnology labs also tried to use plants' genes to increase the EPSP synthase enzyme, in part to take advantage of a loophole in the American system that permits regulatory approval of transgenes which are not derived from bacteria-based pests.

ラウンドアップ ラウンドアップ There aren't many studies that have examined the possibility that transgenes, like those that confer resistance to glyphosate, can help plants to be more resilient in survival and reproduction once they cross-pollinate with weedy or wild species. Norman Ellstrand of University of California Riverside says, "The conventional expectation is that any type of transgene that is found in nature will cause disadvantages if there is no selection pressure because the additional machinery may lower the fitness."

Lu Baorong (an ecologist at Fudan University, Shanghai) has since challenged this view. It has shown that glyphosate resistance can give an impressive fitness boost to the weedy rice crop known as Oryza Sativa even when it is not being used.

Lu and his coworkers genetically modified the cultivated Rice species to express the EPSP synthase, and then crossed-bred it with the weedy parent.

https://www.kohnan-eshop.com/shop/g/g4957919634894/ The group allowed the offspring from cross-breeding to breed with each other, creating second-generation hybrids genetically identical to one another, except for the number of copies the gene encoding EPSP synase. The researchers found that the hybrids who had greater than one copy of the gene that codes for EPSP synthase expressed more enzyme and also produced more tryptophan in line with what was expected.

Researchers also found that transgenics have higher rates, had more flowers and 48-125percent more seeds/plant than nontransgenics.

Making weedy rice more competitive could increase the issues it creates for farmers all over the world where plots are ravaged by pests, Lu says.

Brian Ford-Lloyd (a UK plant geneticist) states that if the EPSP synthase genes are introduced into wild rice species, then their genetic diversity which is so important to conserve could be at risk. The transgene could be more competitive than regular species. This is among the most evident examples of likely negative effects of GM crop] on the environment."

ラウンドアップ 雨上がり The general public believes that genetically engineered crops that have additional copies of microorganisms' genes are safer than ones that only contain the genes of their owners. https://www.nogyoya.com/c/0000000223/0000000427/0000000855/0000000859/5602643 Lu claims that the research "shows that this isn't always the case".

ラウンドアップ According to some researchers, the finding suggests that any future regulation for genetically engineered plants should be reconsidered. Ellstrand believes that some think that biosafety rules can be relaxed since we have two years of genetic engineering. "But the research still shows that novel products require an in-depth evaluation."


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