Notes

Genetically modified crops offer benefits to weeds

In the wild, herbicide resistance might confer an advantage to plants.

Credit: Xiao Yang
A technique of genetic modification widely used to make crops herbicide resistant has been found to provide advantages to the weedy rice, even in absence of herbicide. This suggests that the genetic modification may also have potential to have an impact on wild animals.

ラウンドアップ A variety of kinds of plants have been genetically altered to be resistive to glyphosate. Roundup was the first herbicide to be sold. This makes it possible for farmers to remove the majority of the weeds that grow in their fields without causing harm to their crops.

Glyphosate can inhibit plant growth by blocking EPSP synase, an enzyme involved in the production amino acids, as well as other chemical compounds that make up about 35% of plants' mass. Genetic modification employed by Monsanto's Roundup Ready crops, which are based in St Louis (Missouri), typically involves inserting genes in the DNA of a plant to boost EPSP synthase production. The genes typically come from bacteria that have been infected by plants.

The additional EPSP synthase helps the plant be resistant to the effects of glyphosate. Biotechnology laboratories are looking to make use of genes from plants instead of bacteria to increase EPSP synthase. This is partly because the US law allows for regulatory approval that allows organisms with transgenes to be recognized as acceptable.

There aren't many studies that have examined the possibility that transgenes, like those that confer resistance the chemical glyphosate can help plants to be more resilient in survival and reproduction once they cross-pollinate with wild or weedy species. "The traditional expectation is that any transgene will confer disadvantage in the wild in absence of pressure to select, because the additional machinery could decrease the fitness of the plant," says Norman Ellstrand an expert in plant genetics at the University of California in Riverside.

Lu Baorong (an ecologist at Fudan University, Shanghai) has now questioned that opinion. It has proven that resistance to glyphosate provides significant benefits to fitness for a weedy rice crop called Oryza sativa even when not in use.

https://www.askul.co.jp/ksearch/?searchWord=ラウンドアップ 除草剤 https://www.monotaro.com/g/01028612/ In the study published this month in New Phytologist 1, Lu and his colleagues modified the genetics of the cultivated rice species to overexpress its own EPSP synthase. ラウンドアップ じょうろ They crossed the altered rice with a weedy cousin.

ラウンドアップ The group then let offspring to crossbreed with one-another, creating second generation hybrids which are genetically similar to their parents with the exception for how many duplicates of the gene that codes for EPSP synthase. ラウンドアップ The team found that those that had greater than one copy of the gene that encodes EPSP synthase expressed more enzyme and produced more tryptophan in line with what was expected.

ラウンドアップ Researchers also found that transgenic hybrids grew between 48 to 125 percent more seeds per plant, had greater rates of photosynthesis and more shoots than the non-transgenic varieties.

Lu believes that making rice that is weedy more competitive could make the problem worse for farmers across the world whose fields are being infested by the pest.

Brian Ford-Lloyd, a researcher at Brian Ford-Lloyd, a researcher at the University of Birmingham, UK, says "If the EPSP synthase gene is introduced to wild rice varieties the genetic diversity of their species is crucial for conserving, could be endangered because it will outcompete the normal varieties." "This is an example of the very real negative consequences [of GM plantson the environment."

The public has a perception that genetically engineered plants with additional copies of microorganisms' genes are more secure than those containing only the genes of their owners. ラウンドアップ Lu declares, "Our study shows this is not always the case."

Researchers say their findings require a reconsideration of how genetically modified plants will be controlled in the future. Ellstrand states "Some people believe that biosafety regulation should be looser." Ellstrand says: "But the study demonstrates that new products require careful evaluation."

https://search.yahoo.co.jp/video/search?rkf=2&ei=UTF-8&fr=wsr_gvu&p=%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97
Here's my website: https://tcss.vivahome.com/product/commodity/0000/08030102-006328/