Notes

Genetically modified crops are more beneficial than weeds

Wild plants might be capable of resisting herbicides.

https://mujin-heri.jp/yakuzai/js-55.html Credit Xiao Yang
One common genetic-modification method used to make crops more resistant to herbicides has been shown to have advantages over weedy forms of rice. The finding suggests that the effects of such modifications could extend beyond the confines of farms into the wild.

A variety of cultivars are genetically modified so that they can resist the effects of glyphosate. The herbicide was initially available under the trade name Roundup. Farmers can get rid of weeds in their fields using glyphosate, without harming their crops because of this resistance.

Glyphosate slows the growth of plants by stopping EPSP synthase (an enzyme that is involved in the formation of amino acids as well as various other molecules). This enzyme can be as large as 35 percent or more of the plant's total mass. The genetic modification technique employed by Monsanto's Roundup Ready crops, which are based in St Louis (Missouri), typically involves inserting genes into the DNA of a plant to boost EPSP synthase production. ラウンドアップ The genes typically come from bacteria that cause disease in the plants.

The plant is able to withstand the effects caused by glyphosate because it has an extra EPSP-synthase. Biotechnology labs have also attempted to use plants' genes to increase EPSP-synthase, partly to take advantage of a loophole in the American system that allows for regulatory approval of transgenes not derived bacteria-based pests.

ラウンドアップ じょうろ Few studies have explored the possibility that transgenes that confer tolerance could -- after they are weedy or become wild relatives via cross-pollinating -can boost the plant's longevity and reproductive. Norman Ellstrand, a University of California plant geneticist, states that in the absence of selection pressure, any kind of transgene would be expected to create disadvantages in wild plants. ラウンドアップ The extra machinery would lower fitness.

Lu Baorong is an Ecologist in Fudan University Shanghai. His research shows that resistance to glyphosate offers a significant health benefit, even if it's not used.

Lu and colleagues modified cultivated rice species to enhance the production of EPSP synthase. ラウンドアップ The modified rice was then cross-bred with a wild ancestor.

ラウンドアップ 藤 The researchers then allowed the cross-bred offspring to breed with one another, resulting in second-generation hybrids genetically identical except in the number of copies of the gene encoding EPSP synthase. It was expected that those with more copies had greater levels of enzymes and produced an increased amount of amino acid tryptophan when compared to their counterparts that were not modified.

https://www.kaunet.com/rakuraku/spook3/main?Keyword=%83%89%83E%83%93%83h%83A%83b%83v%83%7D%83b%83N%83X%83%8D%81%5B%83h&ShowList=1 The researchers also found that the hybrids with transgenic genes had higher rates of photosynthesis, they grew larger flowers and shoots and produced 48 to 125 percent more seeds than the non-transgenic hybridswith or without glyphosate.

Lu believes that making the weedy rice more competitive could increase the risk for farmers across the globe whose fields are being infested by the pest.

"If the EPSP-synthase genes are introduced in the wild rice plant, their genetic diversity, which is essential to protect may be at risk as the genotype with the transgene would outcompete the natural species" says Brian Ford-Lloyd who is a plant geneticist at the University of Birmingham, UK. ラウンドアップ 効果 "This is a prime instance of the most likely and harmful negative effects of GM crops on the environment."

The public belief that genetically-modified crops that contain additional copies of their genes are safe is challenged by this study. Lu claims that the research "shows that this isn't always the case".

The research results call for a review of future regulations for genetically modified crops, some scientists claim. Ellstrand saysthat "Some people think that biosafety regulation should be relaxed." ラウンドアップ Ellstrand addsthat "But the study still shows that novel products require careful analysis."


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