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Software is the set of instructions in the form of programs to govern the computer system and to process the hardware components. To produce a software product the set of activities is used. This set is called a software process.
Software Development : In this process, designing, programming, documenting, testing, and bug fixing is done.
Components of Software :
There are three components of the software: These are : Program, Documentation, and Operating Procedures.
Program –
A computer program is a list of instructions that tell a computer what to do.
Documentation –
Source information about the product contained in design documents, detailed code comments, etc.
Operating Procedures –
Set of step-by-step instructions compiled by an organization to help workers carry out complex routine operations.
There are four basic key process activities:
Software Specifications –
In this process, detailed description of a software system to be developed with its functional and non-functional requirements.
Software Development –
In this process, designing, programming, documenting, testing, and bug fixing is done.
Software Validation –
In this process, evaluation software product is done to ensure that the software meets the business requirements as well as the end users needs.
Software Evolution –
It is a process of developing software initially, then timely updating it for various reasons.
Software Crisis :
Size and Cost –
Day to day growing complexity and expectation out of software. Software are more expensive and more complex.
Quality –
Software products must have good quality.
Delayed Delivery –
Software takes longer than the estimated time to develop, which in turn leads to cost shooting up.
Software Process Model:
A software process model is an abstraction of the actual process, which is being described. It can also be defined as a simplified representation of a software process. Each model represents a process from a specific perspective. Basic software process models on which different type of software process models can be implemented:
A workflow Model –
It is the sequential series of tasks and decisions that make up a business process.
The Waterfall Model –
It is a sequential design process in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards. Phases in waterfall model:
(i) Requirements Specification
(ii) Software Design
(iii) Implementation
(iv) Testing
Dataflow Model –
It is diagrammatic representation of the flow and exchange of information within a system.
Evolutionary Development Model –
Following activities are considered in this method:
(i) Specification
(ii) Development
(iii) Validation
Role / Action Model –
Roles of the people involved in the software process and the activities.
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