Notes

Vietnamese traditional music or folk music is one major branch of Vietnamese music, truly reflecting the typical characteristics of people, culture, customs, geography, etc. of Vietnam, stretching throughout the history of the nation. Since the 20th century, Vietnamese music has been influenced by the foreign music styles such as China, Korea, the United States, United Kingdom but it still keeps its unique beauty, which is shown in the existence of Vietnamese traditional music as well as playing an important role in the culture in Vietnam.

Quan ho folk song is one of the representative tunes of the Red River region in the North of Vietnam. It was formed and developed in the ancient Kinh Bac cultural area, especially the border area of ​​Bac Giang and Bac Ninh provinces today with the Cau river flowing through called "quan ho river". Kinh Bac was an old province that included both Bac Ninh and Bac Giang provinces (and parts of present-day Lang Son, Hung Yen, and Hanoi). Quan they also be shape at this textization North Ninh. Due to the separation of addresses later, quan ho is associated with domain names such as quan ho Bac Giang, Bac Ninh.

Quan Ho folk songs use musical instruments including flute and drums.In addition, there are gourds, erhu, zithers, and moons.

Quan ho folk songs are divided into 4 types: Quan ho singing at the festival is also called " hát Hội". Singing quan ho in the crowd is also called " hát Mừng". Quan ho singing at the communal house and temple doors is also known as "hát Thờ hát Cầu". Singing quan ho at home between two groups of men and women inviting each other is also called "hát Canh"

Quan ho has a musical feature that is counter-singing, that is, using two choirs to alternately sing and respond. They are usually two men from one village facing two women from another village challenging each other to sing, dressed in traditional dress with women wearing large round hats and colorful scarves, while men wearing turbans and holding umbrellas.