Notes

REVIEWER IN PRAC2
2ND PERIODICAL EXAM
-Research- The systematic investigation that aims to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
-Qualiative research- It is based on data that CANNOT be measured or counted but can be collected and interpreted through observation.
-Quantitative research- It focuses on numeric and unchanging data and detailed, convergent reasoning rather than divergent reasoning
-Research question is always manageable, feasible and researchable.
-the first stage of the research process is defining the problem.
-Independent variable- type of research variables can be manipulated or controlled by the researchers
-Correlational studies are used primarily to examine relationships among variables
Ex post facto research is a term generally used to describe causal comparative
Respondents- This refers to the entire group of objects or individuals considered for a survey.
Title should appear first in your research paper
Introduction- It is where the researcher introduces the overview of the topic, the main points of information, and why the subject is important.
Significance of the study- It provides details to the reader on what and how the study will contribute and who will benefit from it.
Statement of the Problem It is a concise description of the problem or issues a research seeks to address.
Scope and Delimitation/Limitation It explains the extent to which the research area will be explored in the work and specifies the parameters within the study will be operating.
Definition of Terms It provides clarification of technical terms used in the present study.
Background of the Study It explains the existence of the problem.
Research Objective a simple statement of researchers’ aims and a crucial element of a research study
Copying words and ideas from a source and presenting them as your own is plagiarism
Survey data are often collected via questionnaires
research problem/topic It is an intellectual stimulus calling for an answer in the form of scientific inquiry.
locale/setting This refers to the place where the research is being conducted.
if the title consists of more than one line it should be written in inverted pyramid manner.
In selecting a research problem, it is important to simultaneously check on the availability of references.
scope of the study It refers to the parameters within which the study will be operating.
delimitations of the study It refers to the boundaries of the study in terms of population, subject, time frame etc.
curiosity This refers to the strong desire to know someting.
Sources of Research Topics
1. Prevailing Theories or Philosophy
2. Observations, Intuitions or a combination of Both.
3. Different Subjects taken and from them Identify a Problem that interest a student- researcher most.
4. Field of Interest or specialization or event from related fields.
5. Existing Problems in the classroom/school/campus/university which one may want to solve are good
sources of research problems
6. Existing Needs of the community or society
7. Repetition or Extension of Investigations already conducted or may be an offshoot of studies
underway.
8. Related Studies and Literatures
9. Advice of Authorities or Experts from funding agencies
10. Off Shoot of friendly conversations
11. Incidental from interesting topics of professors during the course meeting/session.
Criteria in choosing a research problem
1. It should be something New or Different from What Has Already Been Written About.
2. It Must Be Original
3. It should be Significant to The Field of Study or discipline
4. It must necessarily Arouse Intellectual Curiosity
5. It should be of Researcher’s Interest and researcher must be with the topic
6. it should be modest one for a beginner to be carried on within a limited period of time.
7. It should be Clear, Not Ambiguous
8. It should be Specific, Not General
9. It should be considering the training and personal qualifications of the researcher.
10. It should consider the Availability of Data involved in the study and the Methods and Techniques to
be employed in gathering them
11. It should consider the Availability of effective Instruments for gathering the data and their
treatment.
12. It should be considering the Financial Capacity of the researcher to support the project
13. It should consider the Time Factor involved in the undertaking.
Guidelines in the formulation of a research title:
1. The title must contain the following elements:
a. The subject matter of research problem.
b. The setting or locale of the study.
c. The respondents or participants involved in the study.
d. The time must or period when the study was conducted.
2. The title must be broad enough to include all the aspects of the study but should be brief and
concise as possible.
3. The use of terms as “analysis of”, “a study of”, “an investigation of” and the like should be avoided.
4. If the title contains more than one line, it should be written in inverted pyramid.
5. When typed or encoded in the title page, all words in the title should be in capital letters.
6. If possible, the title should not be longer than 15 substantive words.
7. Avoid a long, detailed title that gives too much information.
8. To shorten the title, delete the terms “assessment” or “evaluation” if these are already emphasized
in the text.