Notes

1. INTRODUCTION:
Agribusiness refers to any business associated with farming and farming-related commercial activities. The existing agriculture structure lacks (1) the traceability of the product,(2) the security of product information, and (3) the trust among the partners in the supply chain.Blockchain is a distributed database technology that maintains the list of data records that are verified by all the participating nodes in the network. Instead of information routed through a central node, each participating nodes store a copy of the data records and forwards to all the remaining nodes within a network. Blockchain technology has been applied successfully in the financial sector especially in banking and cryptocurrency. Its application in agribusiness is gradually increasing motivated by the Agri-product fraud that leads to adverse effects on the health of consumers. Some of the promising benefits of adopting this technology can be outlined.The paper presents a brief overview of the background study, past works and tries to identify the need and usage of BCT in the agri-food sector. Section "Discussion," provides a discussion about the state of practice and the current open issues related to BCT.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Blockchain in Supply Chain Management:
The paper examines the influence of blockchain technology on agriculture and the food supply chain. It presents various ongoing projects that make use of the technology in their supply chain focusing on food security, food safety, food integrity, small farmer support, waste reduction, supervision, and management. The proposed system is a web application using BigchainDB, Linux(Ubuntu), Python 3.6, and Monit. The web-based user-friendly agricultural supply chain enables greater transparency and enhanced product quality. Fair and timely payment is ensured and the involvement of the middleman is eliminated. The paper highlights the major problems faced by Indian farmers. The proposed system is believed to provide transparency about the product's status while maintaining a good relationship between producer and consumer. System also helps to track the changing market price and incorporate the current market price in the blockchain.

2.2. Blockchain in Food Traceability:
Authors propose a food traceability system that is self-trust and self-organized. The authors highlight some of the companies who have built blockchain-based systems for tracking and tracing agri-food products. IoT technologies eliminate human intervention by replacing manual recording and verification as possible. The article discuss the application of blockchain in the safety and quality of agri-food. The digital data is recorded at every stage of the supply chain, e.g. farmer, food processor, packer, distributors, and retailer. Data recorded in blockchain are immutable and accessible to all parties, which enables to trace of the products.

2.3. Blockchain in Farmer Direct Marketing :
Author proposes a Producer-Consumer Model(BPCM) which enables the farmer to sell their commodities directly to the consumer while preventing inter-agents from using smart contracts. The BPCM is developed using. a public blockchain where farmers and consumers are provided with a unique identity. The proposed model allows farmers to directly sell their products to consumers. Consumers also get the product at a reasonable price while maintaining a direct relationship with the farmer. The Proof of Work (PoW) consensus algorithm is used to ensure that all the nodes in the BPCM agree to the transaction.

2.4 Blockchain in Simplifying Transaction
System enables transaction peer-to-peer and smart contracts that execute automatically when specified conditions are met. Sensor data and transactional information can be recorded in the blockchain permanently. Farmer store all the details of their crops that are available to who wants to know its history before buying it.