Notes

Genetically modified crops provide more advantages than weeds

The wild plants may possess an herbicide resistance advantage.

Credit Xiao Yang
Genetic modification to create crops resistant to herbicides is widely utilized to provide advantages to the varieties of rice that are weedy. The finding suggests that the benefits of this modifications could extend beyond farms and out into the wild.

ラウンドアップ 時間 of crop varieties are genetically altered so that they can ward off the effects of glyphosate. This herbicide was first available under the trade name Roundup. Farmers can eliminate the majority of herbicides from their fields using this glyphosate resistance without causing damage to their crops.

Glyphosate hinders growth of plants by blocking an enzyme referred to as EPSP synthase. This enzyme is involved in the production of certain amino acids and other molecules that make up approximately 35% of the plant's mass. The genetic modification method employed in Roundup Ready crops by Monsanto (based in St Louis in Missouri) is the process of inserting genes in a plant to boost EPSP synthase production. The genes typically come from bacteria that cause disease in plants.

The plant is able to withstand the effects of glyphosate because of the additional EPSP synthase. Biotechnology labs are also trying to utilize genes from plants rather than bacteria to boost EPSP synthase. This is due to the fact that the US law allows for approval by the regulatory authorities to allow organisms that have transgenes to be recognized as acceptable.

Few studies have tested whether transgenes such as ones that confer resistance to glyphosate can -- once they get into wild or weedy relatives via cross-pollination -- make those plants more competitive for survival and reproduction. "The traditional expectation is that any transgene can cause disadvantages in the wild in absence of any selection pressure because the additional machinery could decrease the fitness of the plant," says Norman Ellstrand who is a plant geneticist at the University of California in Riverside.

Lu Baorong (an ecologist at Fudan University, Shanghai) has now challenged that view. It has proven that resistance to glyphosate can provide significant benefits to fitness for the weedy rice crop called Oryza Sativa even when not in use.

https://auctions.yahoo.co.jp/search/search?rkf=2&p=%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97&aucmaxprice=999999999&thumb=1&s1=score2&o1=a&isdd=1&ei=utf-8&fixed=3&nockie=1&isnext=1&ex_cat=2084006160,2084008038,2084034075&rewrite_ok_wand_re_search=1 was published in 1. Lu and his coworkers altered the genetics of cultivated rice to increase its EPSP synthase activity and crossed it with a weedy relative.

The group then allowed the offspring of cross-breeding to cross-breed to create second-generation hybrids. They were identical genetically apart from the number of EPSP synthase genes they had. As expected, ラウンドアップ that had more copies of the gene were more likely to make more tryptophan and have greater levels of enzymes than their unmodified counterparts.

Researchers also found that transgenic hybrids produced between 48-125percent more seeds per plant. They also had more photosynthesis, and had more shoots than those that were not transgenic.

https://www.komeri.com/disp/CKmSfGoodsPageMain_001.jsp?GOODS_NO=1013169 believes that making rice that is weedy more competitive could make the problem worse for the farmers around the globe whose fields are being infested by the pest.

Brian Ford-Lloyd, a researcher at Brian Ford-Lloyd, a researcher at the University of Birmingham, UK, says "If the EPSP synthase gene is introduced to wild rice varieties their genetic diversity that was so important for conserving, could be endangered because it will surpass the regular varieties." "This is among the most clear instances of the extremely damaging consequences (of GM crops on the environment."

The popular belief that genetically modified crops containing additional copies of their genes are safer is challenged by this study. https://shop.takii.co.jp/products/detail/MSH992 says that Lu's research does not contradict this belief.

According to some scientists this research suggests that any future regulation for genetically engineered crops needs to be rethought. "Some people are now suggesting that biosafety regulations are relaxed since we've achieved an extremely high level of satisfaction in the last two years of genetic engineering" says Ellstrand. "But the study still indicates that innovative products require careful analysis."


Read More: https://pesticide.maff.go.jp/agricultural-chemicals/details/14360