Notes

Benefits of genetically modified plants over the weeds

The wild plants may have the advantage of resistance to herbicides.

Credit Xiao Yang
A common technique for genetic modification of crops that make them herbicide-resistant has been proven to provide advantages to the weedy varieties of rice even when the herbicide is not present. This suggests that the modifications could have an impact on the environment beyond farm.

A wide range of crops have been modified genetically so that they become immune to Roundup herbicide glyphosate. The resistance to glyphosate allows farmers to eliminate plants without doing any harm to their crop.

Glyphosate is an inhibitor of plant growth. It blocks an enzyme known EPSP synthase. https://flights-ag.com/blog/herbicide/84/ is responsible for the production of certain amino acids as well as other molecules. These compounds could make up as much as 35% of a plant's mass. The method of genetic modification, which is used for Roundup Ready crops by Monsanto (based in St Louis in Missouri), involves inserting genes into the crop to increase EPSP-synthase output. The genes typically come from bacteria that cause disease in plants.

The extra EPSP synase allows for plants to resist the harmful effects of glyphosate. ラウンドアップ じょうろ have also attempted to utilize plants' genes instead of bacteria to boost the production of EPSP synthase, in part to exploit an inconsistency within US law that allows approval by regulators of organisms that have transgenes not made from bacterial pests.

A few studies have looked into the possibility that transgenes like glyphosate-resistant genes could -- after introduction to wild or weedy plants by cross-pollination -- make these plants more competitive in survival, reproduction and growth. Norman Ellstrand is a University of California Riverside plant geneticist. "The expectation is that any kind of transgene will cause disadvantage in the wild, in absence of select pressure, since it could reduce the fitness of the plant," Ellstrand said.

ラウンドアップ is an Ecologist at Fudan University Shanghai. His study shows that resistance to glyphosate provides a significant fitness benefit even when it isn't applied.

ラウンドアップ was published in 1. Lu and his coworkers genetically modified cultivated rice to increase its EPSP synthase expression and crossed it with a weedy relative.

The team allowed the offspring of cross-breeding to cross-breed with one other to create second generation hybrids. They were genetically identical apart from the number of EPSP synthase genes they had. The researchers found that the hybrids that had more than one copy of the gene that codes for EPSP synthase had more enzyme expression and produced more tryptophan in line with what was expected.

Researchers also found that transgenic hybrids produced between 48-125percent more seeds per plant, and had higher photosynthesis rates and produced more shoots than the non-transgenic varieties.

Making the weedy rice more competitive could increase the issues it creates for farmers around the world whose plots are invaded by the pest, Lu says.

"If the EPSP-synthase genes are introduced in the wild rice species, their genetic diversity, which is essential to protect, could be threatened because the transgene's genetic make-up could outcompete natural species" says Brian Ford-Lloyd, a plant geneticist at the University of Birmingham, UK. " ラウンドアップ is one the most evident instances of extremely plausible negative impacts (of GM crops] on the natural environment."

The public belief that genetically-modified crops that contain additional copies of their genes are safe is disproved by this research. Lu declares that "our study does not prove this to be the case."

A few researchers believe this discovery needs to be reviewed in light of future regulation of genetically modified crops. Ellstrand states that "some people now believe that biosafety regulations could be relaxed because we have the most comfort with genetic engineering over the last two decades." "But ラウンドアップ suggests that new products need careful evaluation."


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