Notes

How did Roundup Ready or Roundup get their names?
What is ラウンドアップ ? And what are ラウンドアップ 畑に使える -ready crops? Roundup Ready is the trademark term used to describe a variety of genetically modified crops that are resistant to Roundup. ラウンドアップ are referred to as 'Roundup Ready' crops.

So, who invented Roundup?
John Franz (Monsanto Chemist) first recognized Glyphosate as a herbicide in Roundup. The majority of herbicides employed in agriculture were pre-emergent. That means they were applied before the crop and the grass weeds arose. Glyphosate's ability to control large amounts of grass weeds as well as broadleafs was a completely different thing. Its extraordinary environmental properties (soil inactivation and rapid degradation, etc.) and toxicological properties (extremely minimal levels of toxicity to mammals and other beneficial organisms) created it to be a groundbreaking product.

When was Roundup launched?
ラウンドアップ (r) was introduced into the market in 1974, as a broad-spectrum herbicide and quickly became one of the top agricultural chemicals on the market. It was initially utilized in ditches, on railroads and also on fields between growing seasons. This helped farmers manage the broadleaf and grass weeds from the soil. It also reduced the need to tillage and preserved the soil structure.

Then came Roundup Ready GMOs.
Monsanto scientists were inspired by amazing breakthroughs in the field of recombinant DNA technology during the 1970s. They recognized the numerous advantages for farmers if Roundup (r) could be directly applied on their crops to eliminate weeds. A small team of scientists (Rob Horsch, Steve Rogers and myself) led by Dr Ernie Jaworski, began working on this challenge. The group developed the first method to introduce genetic to plants in the early 1980s. Then, we turned our attention to creating viruses resistant plants, insect resistant and Roundup-tolerant.

It was found that Roundup blocked the production of aromatic amino acid in plants. This explains Roundup’s high level mammalian safety. Also, glyphosate was quickly degraded by soil microorganisms. In the mid-80s scientists discovered both plant genes and microbial genes which conferred higher tolerance to herbicides. In 1987, the USDA approved the first field test of Roundup Ready crops. This was a genetically altered version of Roundup-tolerant tomato plants. Then, a few years later, the Roundup Ready trait from bacteria was discovered and was isolated.

Let's use soybeans as an example. The first step is to answer two questions. What is Roundup Ready soybeans and how do they make them? Roundup Ready Soybeans are an engineered genetically modified variety of soybeans with its DNA altered to protect them from Roundup, the herbicide. This soybean is intolerant to Roundup because every seed is equipped with the Roundup Ready gene that has been infected before it's planted. This allows farmers to spray their fields with herbicide without killing their crops.

Roundup Ready crops changed agriculture and agricultural science in 1996. Roundup resistance was immediately recognized by farmers, and adoption was quick. https://www.yodobashi.com/product/100000001002109951/ , more than 90 percent of U.S. soybeans are grown using the biotech gene that allows herbicide tolerance. http://www.nogyoya.com/fs/nogyoya/5602643 have not only reduced and improved weed control methods, but also cut down on the cost of tillage and equipment. This allowed for more efficient harvests, and less weeds. An environmental major benefit has been the increase in conservation cultivation. farmers can cut down on the use of energy, GHG emissions and soil structure while preserving soil structure. This was equivalent to removing 28.4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This signifies that 12.4 million cars were taken from the road each year. ( ラウンドアップ 影響 : and PG Economics).
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