Notes

What was the process that led to Roundup Ready and Roundup develop?
What is Roundup Readiness? ラウンドアップ is a trademark that refers to a variety of genetically engineered crop seeds that are resistant to Roundup. These crops are called Roundup Ready.

So, who invented Roundup?
John Franz, Monsanto chemical scientist, and the first person to find that the active ingredient in Roundup was glyphosate in 1970, was the first to identify it as a herbicide. Most herbicides of that period were preemergent. These were applied before the crop and weeds developed. The post-emergent activity of glyphosate in controlling the spread of broadleaf and grass weeds was distinct, and is when combined with its remarkable environmental (soil inactivation, rapid degradation, no carryover, etc) and toxicological properties (extremely minimal toxicity for mammals and beneficial organisms), made it an innovative product.

When was Roundup first created?
Roundup(r) The product, which was initially introduced on the market as a broad spectrum herbicide in 1974, rapidly became one of the most well-known chemical used in agriculture all over the world. It was initially utilized in ditches, along railroad tracks and on fields during growing seasons. It allowed ranchers and farmers to control broadleaf and grass plants that had emerged out of the soil.

The Roundup Ready GMOs were next.
Monsanto scientists were inspired by the groundbreaking innovations in Recombinant technology in the 1970s. Monsanto scientists realized the numerous benefits Roundup(r could bring to farmers. It could be used directly on crops to control weeds. A small group comprised of researchers (Rob Horsch, Steve Rogers and myself) led by Dr Ernie Jaworski, began working on this challenge. The group had already devised the first technology to introduce genes to plants by the mid-80s. We then began to focus on creating viruses–resistant resistant, insect-resistant, Roundup-tolerant varieties of cropping.

It was known that glyphosate may have inhibited the biochemical pathway in plants that produced aromatic amino acids (animals and human beings don't have this pathway which explains Roundup's high level of mammal-specific safety) and also that glyphosate is broken down extremely quickly in the soil by microorganisms. Researchers from our lab had discovered plant and microbial genes to confer increased herbicide tolerance. ラウンドアップ was cleared for field trials by the USDA in 1987. This was a Roundup resistant crop of genetically modified tomatoes that proved tolerant to Roundup. In the following years, the Roundup Ready gene was isolated and identified.

Let's begin with soybeans. Understanding the issues "What are Roundup-Ready soybeans?" and "How are Roundup-Ready soybeans produced?" will help us comprehend how soybeans are produced. Roundup Ready soybeans are genetically engineered so they are resistant to the herbicide Roundup. Every soybean plant that is bred with the gene Roundup Ready has been implanted into it prior to when it is put to plant. https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E6%97%A5%E7%94%A3%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6-%E9%99%A4%E8%8D%89%E5%89%A4-%E5%8E%9F%E6%B6%B2%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%97-%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89-500%EF%BD%8D%EF%BD%8C/dp/B001GH6XVQ makes them resistant to glyphosate. This allows farmers to spray their fields using the herbicide and not harm their crop.

As https://www.monotaro.com/g/01028612/ can see, the introduction of Roundup Ready crops in 1996 changed the way farmers and agricultural scientists work! Farmers quickly realised the advantages of Roundup resistance and adoption was swift (today over 90% of the U.S. soybean cotton, corn, and canola fields use a biotech trait for herbicide resistance). Apart from reducing and improving weed management systems that increased yields for crops, Roundup Ready crops reduced the amount of tillage required and decreased the expense of equipment and made harvesting easier due to "cleaner fields" with less plants. Conservation tillage has provided a major environmental benefit. Farmers have cut down on their energy consumption and emissions of GHGs by using smaller plowing. This protects the soil's structure and slows erosion. ラウンドアップ was equivalent to removing 28.3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (or 12.4 million cars) from the roads. ラウンドアップ : PG Economy.
Read More: https://www.zennoh.or.jp/eigi/research/pdf/gr334_06.pdf