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Health Effects of EMF Radiation
The radiation RF-EMF causes DNA damage, tissue heating and alter the blood-brain barrier. These effects are real, and ARPANSA is active in collaborating with the EHS community, medical professionals and researchers. ARPANSA will continue study research related to the health impacts of EMF radiation.

RF-EMF causes DNA damage
The exposure to electromagnetic fields created by humans (EMFs) are associated with DNA damage as well as negative health adverse effects. EMFs can affect intracellular ionic concentrations, which are vital to maintain a cell's electrochemical balance. It can also cause disruption to cell homeostasis and result in DNA damage. Additionally, exposure to EMFs can cause an overproduction of free radicals as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS).


The exposure to radiation from RF-EMF has been linked with alterations in male germ cell development. This involves the transformation of germ cells into spermatozoa, as well functioning maturation as spermatozoa move throughout the epididymis. To study the effect of RF-EMF exposure on male germ cells, a specially-built waveguide device was developed for the exposure of mice without restriction to RF-EMF in the range of 2.2 W/kg.

In a recent study, researchers have discovered that exposure to RF-EME caused the oxidative DNA damage of spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation increased by 18% after an entire week of treatment and by 23 percent after five weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG).

Despite this, the RF-EMF radiation has not yet been considered to be a carcinogen. However, several studies have found that exposure to RF-EMF can affect DNA health in range of cell types. In one study scientists exposed Vero cells to an EMF that was 100Hz, for 45 minutes. emf radiation symptoms assessed DNA damage for within 48 hours of exposure to determine whether the exposure affected DNA integrity.

The RF-EMF effect causes the heating of tissues
Although the effects of RF-EMF are usually believed to be thermal, some studies have revealed that non-thermal effects may also be present. These may be the reason for some of the unresolved issues in epidemiological studies on EMF hypersensitivity. This is why it is crucial to consider the non-thermal effects when conducting a systematic review.

The non-thermal effects of RF-EMF could be felt at the cell's membrane. This is a field where research has been thoroughly studied. In particular the electrochemical properties of cell membranes has been studied. It is believed that energy from RF-EMF greater than 1 MHz is transmitted to the tissue via dielectric and ionic dissipation. Previous theoretical analyses indicated that the energy transfer to the tissue could be as high as 200 kV/m.

The electric properties of tissue are regulated by the composition and distribution of water molecules, ions, and other substances in the body. This determines how absorbed EMR from RF is absorbed by different tissues. Tissues with higher conductivity tend to absorb more of the EMR field and produce more of an impact. This is why the degree of tissue heating doesn't increase continuously from outside to inside, but occurs in hot areas. Bone and fatty tissues are less susceptible to RF heating than other tissues, because they are low in water content.

The extent of the field's penetration depends on the frequency and strength of field. Muscle tissue absorbs more field energies than the other tissue and converts it to heat more effectively. Usually, the depth of penetration that RFEMF has is measured in millimeters (mm). The higher the frequency, shallower the penetration.

RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption
Researchers have found that RF-EMF can disrupt the blood-brain barrier which can alter sleep patterns and neurotransmitter levels. Furthermore the impacts that EMF affect brain function are linked to neurodegenerative disorders. For instance, EMF from mobile phones could affect the electroencephalogram's activity and sleep patterns, in addition to the actions of nitric Oxide and xanthin oxidase.

Researchers at the Vienna University have studied the effects of RF-EMF exposure on brain cells. They also looked at how ELF EMF on nervous system. Though the cellular mechanisms that are involved aren't fully comprehended, there is a clear association between ELF-EMF exposure and depletion of myelin. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. However, there are tested methods to regenerate myelin in the brain.

Researchers have found that exposure to frequencies of 900 Mhz EMF caused a rise in the permeability of the BBB and increased symptoms of neuronal damage in rats. They also observed an increase in the extravasation of albumin into neurons. Further, they found the following: after 30 mins of exposure to 900 MHz 99mTcMIBI increased its permeation to the cerebral cortex. However this effect did not happen with Evans blue-based injections.

Despite these findings, RF-EMF is not able to provide a definitive method for disrupting the BBB. Evidence suggests that non-thermal EMF exposure increases erythrocyte membrane permeability. This could alter the BBB and enhance calcium ion efflux. Moreover, the presence of a 99mTcMIBI radiotracer inside the brain has also been associated with an increase in the permeability of the BBB.

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