Notes

Well being Effects of EMF Radiation
RF-EMF radiation can cause damage to DNA, heat up of tissues and alter the blood-brain barrier. These effects are real, and ARPANSA is actively involved within the EHS communities, medical experts, and researchers. ARPANSA will continue to study research related to the health effects caused by EMF radiation.

RF-EMF can cause DNA damage
Exposure to man-made electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can cause DNA damage and other adverse health effects. EMFs can affect the intracellular ionic levels, which are essential to ensure the balance of electrochemical activity in cells. This can alter the balance of cell metabolism, resulting in DNA damage. Additionally, exposure to EMFs can cause the production of free radicals as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS).

The exposure to radiation from RF-EMF has been associated with changes in the male germ cell's development. This results in the transformation of germ cells into spermatozoa, aswell functioning maturation as spermatozoa move throughout the epididymis. To investigate the sensitivity of RF-EMF exposure to the development of male germ cells A specially designed waveguide machine was designed to expose unrestrained mice to RF-EME with a dose of 2.2 W/kg.

In a study that was conducted recently, researchers have discovered that exposure to RF-EME caused oxidative DNA damage in spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation was increased by 18% after a week of treatment, and by 23 percent after five weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG).

However, RF-EMF radiation is not yet considered to be a carcinogen. However, numerous studies have revealed that exposure to RF-EMF can affect the integrity of DNA in range of cell types. In emf radiation subjected Vero cells to an EMF of 100 Hz for about 45 minutes. They assessed DNA damage for at 48 hours following exposure to determine if exposure affected the integrity of DNA.

RF-EMF causes tissue heating
While the effects of RF EMF are usually considered to be thermal, some studies have demonstrated that non-thermal effects may also be present. These may be the reason for some of the unresolved observations in epidemiological studies on EMF hypersensitivity. Therefore, it is important to consider the non-thermal effects when conducting a systematic review.

The non-thermal effects that RF-EMF can have may be felt at the cell's membrane. This is an area which has already been extensively studied. In particular the electrochemical properties of cell membranes has been studied. It is believed that RF-EMF energy that exceeds 1 MHz is transferred to the tissue through dielectric and Ionic dissipation. Previous theoretical analyses indicated that the energy that is transferred to the tissue could be up to 200 kV/m.

The electrical properties of tissues are regulated in the form and quantity of water molecules and ions and other molecules in the body. This determines how well absorbed EMR RF is by various tissues. Organs with greater conductivity are likely to absorb more of the EMR field and produce more of an effect. This is the reason why the amount of tissue heating does not increase steadily from outside to inside the body, but occurs in hot spots. Bone and fatty tissues are less susceptible to RF heating than other tissues because they have a low water content.

The extent of penetration of the electromagnetic field depends on the frequency and strength of the field. Muscle tissue is more able to absorb field energies than the other tissue, and transforms it into heat more effectively. Usually the depth of penetration that RFEMF has is measured as millimeters (mm). But, the higher the frequency, the more shallow the penetration.

RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption
Researchers have found that RF-EMF could disrupt the blood-brain barrier change sleep patterns as well as neurotransmitter levels. Additionally the impacts of EMF affect brain function have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders. For example, EMF from mobile phones can affect electroencephalogram activity and sleep patterns, as well as the activities of nitric oxide and xanthin oxidase.

Researchers at the Vienna University have studied the effects of RF-EMF exposure on brain cells. They also examined what effects ELF EMF on the nervous system. While the mechanisms of the cell that are involved aren't fully known however, there is an obvious association between ELF-EMF exposure and myelin depletion. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. Fortunately, there are some tested methods to regenerate myelin inside the brain.

Researchers have discovered that exposure to the frequency of 900 MHz EMF increased the permeability of BBB and also increased the signs of neuronal damage in rodents. They also observed an increase in the extravasation of albumin to neurons. Additionally, they observed that after 30 minutes of 900 MHz exposure 99mTcMIBI increased its diffusion in the cortex. But this effect didn't occur with Evans blue injections.

Despite these findings, RF EMF is not able to provide a definitive mechanism for disrupting the BBB. Research suggests that EMF exposure can increase erythrocyte membrane permeability, which could affect the BBB and increase the efflux of calcium ions. Additionally, the presence of a 99mTc-MIBI radiotracer in the brain is also linked to increasing the permeability of the BBB.


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