Notes

Genetically modified crops have advantages over weeds

Herbicide resistance could provide advantages to plants in the wild.

Credit Xiao Yang
One of the most common methods that makes crops resistant to herbicides was shown to have advantages over weedy forms of rice. This suggests that this genetic modifications could also have the potential to have an impact on wild animals.

A variety of kinds of plants are genetically modified to be resistive to glyphosate. Roundup was the first herbicide to be marketed. ラウンドアップ 希釈 Farmers can eradicate most herbicides from their fields using this glyphosate resistance without causing damage to their crops.

Glyphosate slows the growth of plants by stopping EPSP synthase (an enzyme that is involved in the formation of amino acids, and other molecules). This enzyme could make up as much as 35 percent or more of a plant’s total mass. Genetic modification, for instance, the Roundup Ready crops manufactured by Monsanto in St. Louis, Missouri, involves inserting genes into the genetic code to boost EPSP production. The genes typically come from bacteria that infect plants.

The additional EPSP synase makes it possible for the plant to resist the effects of glyphosate. Biotechnology labs have also attempted to utilize the genes of plants to increase EPSP-synthase, partly to make use of an American loophole which permits the approval of regulatory authorities of transgenes which are not derived from bacteria-based pests.

A few studies have explored the possibility that transgenes similar to those which confer glyphosate resistance can increase the competitiveness of plants in reproductive success and longevity once they are introduced to wild or weedy cousins through cross-pollination. Norman Ellstrand is a University of California Riverside plant geneticist. "The assumption is that any kind of transgene will cause disadvantage in the wild, in the absence of selective pressure due to the fact that it reduces the fitness of the plant," Ellstrand said.

Lu Baorong, an ecologist from Fudan University in Shanghai has rewritten that view. He discovered that glyphosate resistance provides an impressive fitness boost to the weedy version of the popular rice plant Oryza sativa.

The research was published in 1. Lu and his coworkers genetically modified cultivated rice to boost its EPSP synthase expression , and then crossed it with a weedy counterpart.

ラウンドアップ The group then permitted the offspring from cross-breeding to cross-breed with one other to create second generation hybrids. They were identical genetically except for the amount of EPSP synthase genes they had. As one would expect, more copies produced higher levels of enzyme as well as more tryptophan than their unmodified counterparts.

The researchers also found that the transgenic hybrids had higher rates of photosynthesis, grew more shoots and flowers and produced 48-125% more seeds than the non-transgenic hybrids -with or without glyphosate.

Lu believes making weedy, invasive rice more competitive may make it harder for farmers to recover from the harm caused by this bug.

Brian Ford-Lloyd (a UK plant geneticist) says that if the EPSP-synthase gene is introduced into wild rice species, then their genetic diversity which is vital to preserve could be threatened. The transgene will surpass the normal species. "This is a clear illustration of the highly plausible negative impacts of GM plantson our environment."

ラウンドアップ エクセル The general public believes that plants with genetically modified genes containing more replicas of their own genes than those from microorganisms are safer. This is not supported by this study. Lu states that "our study doesn't prove this to be the case."

https://rd.listing.yahoo.co.jp/p/search/GU=Aw-6eGMAAABxhWHKplljSf3GwAUrznrXniFyaWKXRguaYRfltcaRBalbtny8caa1yb1ZWGK5MItVbb6iJ8ZasQLV27e1OA9mpQ257TQVyFIfvnFMjodIvhOouGhIkgLP-lzJfgabZmh4h2ZL2hW2AAjNN3XBK_cF_UJm4A0zGqJ5WZqdZp8C_Jc2rCWJyM6RpcUA50jmrVKFuf1TSz-tF9ILUJ_IHyqueifTSRKbH5q8fmkYQ1T5YFg9xj1P1lZPxkq7Q80MCs1scqYsrzs7-uTMtIj0iVdhIqOR4Ba6SVo9yW3IegyNgPYjP9q8nHX71NWvutRnZ1LTItCL-kH142iFLyPUU4FCTL3rm7x2LDB7IZLRf2PnQEELH5HBhBue1RrtIgoRI7yTJ5Cnz06Qp6zbFKdLYVt3WFmususJqyKLv799lAeQ6c29l-odWPuApVTUN6Co0kAgshZAqRfVgw6Y2MgnDUMH2FVXCOLF7buqBMHI4Z2T4A302AATChSxJ4ML66ibLVGIaPB6BjE4ZLsYCjcsgyPrDilQWdLX4T2AcMuVwF31lzdcGOfzpJQBdz615jACgcZO7NABBlRC2qv7FoxHhfzb46kkFWfM9HMjrylVop1ZQ3r8HRC17FEJrOJeOgBrYCVM5moEEUOqSAX-59_sRycN_p9BO2IrWdcT-Xso5M4m4alPuNY6CthWqnS6sRo_fHbnkP7M73zf-kuZG9Rt9qCkkvBp3tjWY0fDd6iPWNjq5MQs0GErbDFIdoWVDxCbcBt0Krtw9zXTqndYT3L29ALnOjHPWM6AWizFmW8eBLVwZ66Df-rz9zXci3jERh7B6OiL2ZeBClxsg_85cqSMhnq-;/?ep=Aw-6eGMAAH4ZsqugT6qdad5L7DbBNQnwIfNdM5NgwyX1uEqpjYsRXjEX6W1-qpzWeswSDMRT-F3VZYOxNM8F--OUDKhWbjQE-ob8E931BRBGVYEEH7ChXD2KU1eLArX7ZgPnlJKCzKbaR6abBGe-kCn6ZNlh06eIEzM1z6UebyzBZ1UNQXVn4R7j5ScPdq-IOBzRPSOupORPi5xiwjGVi85gfRzs0TsVC8vZ&v=2 According to some researchers this finding suggests that the future regulation of genetically engineered plants should be rethought. https://www.kohnan-eshop.com/shop/g/g4957919634894/ Ellstrand believes that some believe that biosafety regulations could be relaxed because we've had more than two years of genetic engineering. "But the study shows that the new technologies require cautious assessment."


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