Notes

How did Roundup Ready and Roundup become what they have become now?
What exactly is Roundup Ready? Roundup Ready is a trademark name for a patent-pending line of genetically modified crop seeds that are resistant to the glyphosate-based herbicide, Roundup. The crops are referred to as Roundup Ready.

Who was the first to invent Roundup?
https://www.yodobashi.com/product/100000001002109951/ ラウンドアップ John Franz, Monsanto chemical chemist and first to discover that Roundup's active agent was glyphosate, in the year 1970. He was the first person to define it as an herbicide. Pre-emergent herbicides were used in the ag industry at the time. They were applied before the crops or weeds emerged. The post-emergent efficiency of glyphosate to control huge amounts of broadleaf grass weeds was astonishing. This, along with its exceptional environmental (soil degradation and rapid degradation, etc.) as well as toxicological properties (extremely high toxicity for mammals (and beneficial organisms) which made it an outstanding product.

When was Roundup launched?
Roundup(r) initially introduced in 1974 to the market as an insecticide that was broad-spectrum, quickly became a leading global agricultural chemical. It was initially utilized on railroads, in ditches, and in fields during the growing season. This helped farmers manage the broadleaf and grass weeds that were growing in the soil. It also reduced the need to till and preserved the soil structure.

The Roundup Ready GMOs followed.
Monsanto scientists in awe of the remarkable advancements in Recombinant technology in the 1970s, realized the numerous benefits to farmers if Roundup was directly applied to their crops to control the weeds. ラウンドアップ A small team comprised of researchers (Rob Horsch, Steve Rogers and myself) headed by Dr. Ernie Jaworski, began working on this problem. https://pesticide.maff.go.jp/agricultural-chemicals/details/14360 The first methods for introducing gene into the plant were devised by this team during the first half of 1980. After that the focus changed to developing virusesresistant insects, insect-resistant, and Roundup-tolerant crops.

It was found that Roundup was able to inhibit the biochemical pathway of plants that create aromatic amino acids. (Both animals as well as humans do not have this pathway, which could explain Roundup's high degree of mammalian safety). Additionally it was rapidly broken down by soil microorganisms. In the late 1980s, our researchers had identified plants and microbial genes that conferred increased herbicide tolerance through laboratory testing. In 1987 the USDA approved the first field test for Roundup Ready plants. This was a Roundup resistant variety of genetically modified tomatoes that proved resistant to Roundup. After a few years, the bacteria that would become the gene that would later become the Roundup Ready trait was isolated and introduced into plants.

Let's begin with soybeans. Understanding the issues "What are Roundup-Ready soybeans?" and "How are Roundup-Ready soybeans made?" will help us to understand the process of making soybeans. Roundup Ready soybeans are genetically engineered to be able to resist the herbicide Roundup. These soybeans are resistant to Roundup because every soybean seed has been infected with the Roundup Ready gene prior to its planting. This allows farmers to spray their fields with herbicides without having to end their crops.

https://www.monotaro.com/g/01028612/ Roundup Ready crops changed agriculture and the field of agricultural science in 1996. Roundup resistance was immediately accepted by farmers, and adoption was quick. Today, more than 90 percent of U.S. soybeans are grown using a biotech gene for herbicide tolerance. Roundup Ready crops are simpler and improved systems for controlling weeds that resulted in greater yields of the crop. Along with cutting down on tillage and equipment expenses Roundup Ready crops make harvesting easier because there are less plants. The increased use of conservation tillage is an important environmental benefit. By reducing plowing, farmers reduce energy consumption and GHG emission while keeping soil structure intact and reducing erosion. This is equivalent to taking 28.4 billion kilograms of carbon dioxide from our atmosphere in 2013 or 12.4 million vehicles off roads for a whole year (Source: , PG Economics).
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