Notes

Health Effects of EMF Radiation
RF-EMF radiation can cause damaged DNA, heat to the tissues, and can disrupt the blood-brain-barrier. These effects are real and ARPANSA is actively involved with the EHS group, the medical specialists, and researchers. ARPANSA will continue to study research related to the health effects of EMF radiation.

RF-EMF causes DNA damage
Exposure to man-made electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are associated with DNA damage and other negative health effects. EMFs can disrupt intracellular ionic concentrations, which are essential to ensure the electrochemical balance of cells. It can also disrupt cell homeostasis, resulting in DNA damage. Additionally exposure to EMFs is also linked to an increase in the production of free radicals as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS).

The exposure to radiation from RF-EMF has been associated with changes in male germ cells' development. This is due to the differentiation of the germ cell into spermatozoa as well maturation of the functional aspect as spermatozoa pass through the epididymis. To study the sensitivity of RF-EMF exposure to male germ cells, a specially-built waveguide machine was designed to expose non-restrained mice to RF-EMF in the range of 2.2 W/kg.

In a study that was conducted recently, researchers have discovered that exposure to RF-EME caused an oxidative DNA damage to the spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation was increased by 18% after one week of treatment and by 23 percent after 5 weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG).

Despite this it isn't yet recognized as a true carcinogen. However, numerous studies have found that exposure to RF-EMF can affect the integrity of DNA in range of cell varieties. In one such study researchers exposed Vero cells to an EMF of 100 Hz for 45 minutes. They measured DNA damage at 48 hours following exposure to determine if the exposure affected the integrity of DNA.

The effect of RF-EMF on tissue heating
Although the effects of RF EMF are usually considered to be thermal, some studies have revealed that non-thermal influences are also observed. emf radiation could be responsible for certain of the unsolved findings in epidemiological studies of EMF hypersensitivity. Therefore, it is important to take into account non-thermal effects when conducting systematic reviews.

Effects that are not thermal from RF-EMF may occur on the cell's membrane. This is an area of research that has been extensively investigated. In particular the electrochemical behavior of cell membranes is being studied. The current understanding is that RF-EMF energy higher than 1 MHz is transmitted into the tissues through dielectric and ionic dissipation. Previous theoretical analyses indicated that the energy transferred to tissues could be as high as 200 kV/m.

The electric properties of tissues are regulated in the form and quantity of water molecules and ions and other molecules inside the body. This determines how absorbent EMR RF is by various tissues. Tissues with higher conductivity tend to absorb more of the field, and thus cause more of an effect. This is why the level of heating in tissues is not constant as it moves from the exterior to however, it is more prevalent in hot spots. Bone and fatty tissue are less susceptible to RF heating than other tissues, because they are low in water content.

The intensity of the field's penetration is determined by the frequency and strength that the electromagnetic field has. Muscle tissue absorbs more radiation than most tissues, and converts it to heat more efficiently. Typically the depth of penetration that RFEMF has is measured as millimeters (mm). The greater the frequency, the more shallow the penetration.

RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption
Researchers have found that RF-EMF can disrupt the blood-brain barrier which can alter sleep patterns and neurotransmitter levels. Additionally the impacts that EMF in brain activities have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders. For instance, EMF from mobile phones could affect the electroencephalogram's activity and sleep patterns, and the activities of nitric oxide and xanthin oxidase.

Researchers at Vienna University have studied the effects of RF-EMF exposure in brain cells. They also studied how ELF EMFs on the nervous system. Although the cellular mechanisms involved are not completely known but there is a clear relationship between exposure to ELF EMF and myelin depletion. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. However, there are tested methods to regenerate myelin in the brain.


Researchers have found that exposure to frequencies of 900 Mhz EMF enhanced the permeability of the BBB and increased symptoms of neuronal damage in rats. They also observed an increase in the release of albumin to neurons. Furthermore, they discovered in 30 minutes exposure at 900 MHz 99mTc-MIBI accelerated its diffusion in the cortex. But, this effect did not occur with Evans blue-based injections.

However, RF-EMF does not have a clear mechanism to disrupt the BBB. Research suggests that EMF exposure may increase erythrocyte cell membrane permeability, which could affect the BBB and enhance calcium ion efflux. Additionally, the presence of a 99mTc-MIBI radiotracer within the brain has also been associated with an increase in the permeability of the BBB.

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