Notes

What exactly is Roundup Ready?
What is Roundup Readiness? Roundup Ready is the trademark name of a line of genetically modified plants which are resistant to Roundup. These are the crops that are known as Roundup Ready.

Who was the first to invent Roundup?
Glyphosate, which is the active ingredient in Roundup was first identified to be an herbicide in 1970 by Monsanto chemist, John Franz. At the time, in the ag industry, most herbicides were pre-emergent. That is, they were applied before the crop and weeds emerged. The unique post-emergent effectiveness of glyphosate at controlling huge amounts of broadleaf grass weeds was remarkable. This, in conjunction with its exceptional environmental (soil degradation rapid degradation, soil degradation, etc.) and toxicological characteristics (extremely toxic for mammals (and beneficial organisms) which made it an outstanding product.

What year was it when Roundup first introduced?
Roundup(r), originally introduced in 1974 as a broad-spectrum insecticide it quickly became a major worldwide agricultural chemical. Roundup(r) was first used along railroad tracks, in ditches, as well as on the fields between growing seasons. This allowed farmers to keep a check on grass and broadleaf weeds that were growing from the soil. This eliminated the need for tillage, preserved soil structure, and decreased soil erosion.

The Roundup Ready GMOs were next.
Monsanto scientists were inspired by amazing advances in recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s. They recognized the many advantages for farmers who benefited if Roundup (r) could be directly applied to their crops to control weeds. A small group comprised of researchers (Rob Horsch, Steve Rogers and myself) under the direction of Dr. Ernie Jaworski, began working on this issue. This team had already developed the first system to introduce genes to plants by the mid-80s. We then began to focus on creating viruses–resistant and insect-resistant Roundup-tolerant varieties of cropping.

It was known that glyphosate could inhibit the biochemical process in plants that produce aromatic amino acids (animals and human beings don't have this pathway which is why Roundup has a high degree of mammalian safety) and also that glyphosate's breakdown occurred very rapidly in the soil by microorganisms. By the mid-1980s, our researchers had identified the genes of both microbial and plant species which conferred higher tolerance to herbicides in laboratory tests and in 1987 the USDA authorized the first field tests of Roundup Ready plants. This was a Roundup-resistant tomato crop made from the genetically altered tomato plant. https://pesticide.maff.go.jp/agricultural-chemicals/details/14360 They were also tolerant to Roundup. After a few years the bacterial gene that would become the Roundup Ready trait was isolated and introduced into plants.

Let's take soybeans as an illustration. We'll answer the following questions: What are Roundup Ready soybeans? ラウンドアップ How are Roundup ready soybeans produced. Roundup Ready soybeans are genetically engineered in order to be able to resist Roundup, the herbicide. These soybeans can withstand Roundup since every soybean seed has been injected with the Roundup-ready gene before it is planted. This allows farmers to apply Roundup Ready herbicides that destroy weeds but not the crops.

Roundup Ready crops changed agriculture and agricultural science in the year 1996. ラウンドアップ ラウンドアップ Farmers quickly recognized the benefits of Roundup resistance and adoption was very quick (today over 90% of the U.S. soybean, corn, cotton and canola acres use biotech traits for herbicide resistance). Roundup Ready crops have streamlined and improved systems for controlling weeds and have resulted in better yields of the crop. Along with decreasing the cost of equipment and tillage Roundup Ready crops facilitate harvests as there are fewer plants. The most significant environmental benefit has been the increased adoption of conservation tillage. By reducing plowing, farmers reduced the amount of energy used and also GHG emissions while maintaining soil structure and reducing erosion. It was equivalent to the removal of 28.3 billion kilograms of carbon dioxide (or 12.4 million cars) from the road. ラウンドアップ 意味 Source: PG Economy.
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