Notes

What was the process that led to Roundup Ready and Roundup develop?
What is Roundup Ready? And what are Roundup-ready crops? Roundup Ready is the trademark name of a line of genetically modified crops that are intolerant to Roundup. These crops are called Roundup Ready.

Roundup Then, was it really made up?
Glyphosate, which is the active ingredient in Roundup, was first discovered as an herbicide in the year 1970, by Monsanto Chemist John Franz. At that time in the ag industry, the majority of herbicides were pre-emergent. This means they were applied prior to the weeds and crop appeared. Glyphosate's extraordinary post-emergent capability in controlling large numbers grass and broadleaf herbicides was unique. Its combination with its extraordinary environmental (soil destruction rapid degradation and no transfer) as well as toxicological (extremely minimal toxicity to beneficial organisms, mammals as well as beneficial organisms.), was what made it a revolutionary product.

What year was it when Roundup created?
ラウンドアップ Roundup (r) was launched on the market in 1974. https://www.monotaro.com/g/01028612/ It is an herbicide for all kinds of plants which quickly became a world market leader. Roundup(r), originally, was used in ditches on railroad tracks and in fields during the growth seasons. This helped farmers keep a check on grass and broadleaf weeds emerging from the soil. This decreased the need for tillage, preserved soil structure and reduced soil erosion.

The Roundup Ready GMOs followed.
Spurred by the incredible breakthroughs in the field of recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s, Monsanto scientists recognized the numerous benefits for farmers if Roundup(r) could be directly applied to growing crops to control weeds within their fields. A small group comprised of researchers (Rob Horsch, Steve Rogers and myself) under the direction of Dr. Ernie Jaworski, began working on this problem. By the early 1980s, this group had created the first systems that allowed the introduction of particular genes into plants and our focus was now on developing viruses-resistant, insect resistant and Roundup-tolerant plants.

It was found out that Roundup could block the biochemical pathways of plants that produce aromatic amino acids. (Both animals and humans aren't equipped with this pathway, which could explain Roundup's superior level of mammalian safety). Additionally, it was quickly broken down by soil microorganisms. By the mid-1980s, our researchers had identified the genes of both microbial and plant species which conferred higher tolerance to herbicides during laboratory tests. Then, in 1987 the USDA approved the first field test of Roundup Ready plants. This was a genetically modified variety of Roundup-tolerant tomato plants. In the following decades the Roundup Ready gene that would become the main trait of the Roundup Ready crop was discovered. It was then isolated and introduced into the plants.

Let's begin with soybeans. Answering the questions "What are Roundup Ready soybeans?" https://www.rakuten.ne.jp/gold/kaientai/category/sunfulon/ and "How are Roundup-Ready soybeans created?" will help us to understand the process of making soybeans. ラウンドアップ Roundup Ready soybeans are soybeans genetically engineered with their DNA altered to be able to withstand Roundup's herbicide, glyphosate. Every soybean seed that has received the gene Roundup Ready was implanted into it prior to when it is put to plant. This makes them resistant to the glyphosate. ラウンドアップ https://www.yodobashi.com/product/100000001002109951/ This permits farmers to spray their fields with Roundup Ready herbicides to eliminate weeds, but not their crops.

As you can see, the introduction of Roundup Ready crops in 1996 changed the way farmers and agricultural scientists work! Roundup resistance quickly became a popular crop in the United States. Over 90% of U.S. soybeans as well as cotton, corn and canola acres now use this biotech characteristic. Roundup Ready crops have not only simplified and improved weed management techniques, but also decreased the cost of tillage and equipment. This allowed for more efficient harvests and lower weed count. One of the environmental benefits has been the increase in the use of conservation cultivation: farmers are able to reduce their energy consumption as well as GHG emissions. They can also preserve soil structure while maintaining soil structure. In 2013, this was equivalent to removing 28 billion kilograms of CO2 from the air, or equivalent to taking 12.4 million cars from the roads for a year (Source: PG Economics).
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