Notes

Genetically modified crops provide advantages to weeds

The wild plants may possess an herbicide resistance advantage.

Credit Xiao Yang
A common method of genetic modification employed to make crops resistant to herbicides was found to have advantages over rice varieties that are weedy. https://rd.listing.yahoo.co.jp/p/search/GU=Aw-6eGMAAABxhWHKplljSf3GwAUrznrXniFyaWKXRguaYRfltcaRBalbtny8caa1yb1ZWGK5MItVbb6iJ8ZasQLV27e1OA9mpQ257TQVyFIfvnFMjodIvhOouGhIkgLP-lzJfgabZmh4h2ZL2hW2AAjNN3XBK_cF_UJm4A0zGqJ5WZqdZp8C_Jc2rCWJyM6RpcUA50jmrVKFuf1TSz-tF9ILUJ_IHyqueifTSRKbH5q8fmkYQ1T5YFg9xj1P1lZPxkq7Q80MCs1scqYsrzs7-uTMtIj0iVdhIqOR4Ba6SVo9yW3IegyNgPYjP9q8nHX71NWvutRnZ1LTItCL-kH142iFLyPUU4FCTL3rm7x2LDB7IZLRf2PnQEELH5HBhBue1RrtIgoRI7yTJ5Cnz06Qp6zbFKdLYVt3WFmususJqyKLv799lAeQ6c29l-odWPuApVTUN6Co0kAgshZAqRfVgw6Y2MgnDUMH2FVXCOLF7buqBMHI4Z2T4A302AATChSxJ4ML66ibLVGIaPB6BjE4ZLsYCjcsgyPrDilQWdLX4T2AcMuVwF31lzdcGOfzpJQBdz615jACgcZO7NABBlRC2qv7FoxHhfzb46kkFWfM9HMjrylVop1ZQ3r8HRC17FEJrOJeOgBrYCVM5moEEUOqSAX-59_sRycN_p9BO2IrWdcT-Xso5M4m4alPuNY6CthWqnS6sRo_fHbnkP7M73zf-kuZG9Rt9qCkkvBp3tjWY0fDd6iPWNjq5MQs0GErbDFIdoWVDxCbcBt0Krtw9zXTqndYT3L29ALnOjHPWM6AWizFmW8eBLVwZ66Df-rz9zXci3jERh7B6OiL2ZeBClxsg_85cqSMhnq-;/?ep=Aw-6eGMAAH4ZsqugT6qdad5L7DbBNQnwIfNdM5NgwyX1uEqpjYsRXjEX6W1-qpzWeswSDMRT-F3VZYOxNM8F--OUDKhWbjQE-ob8E931BRBGVYEEH7ChXD2KU1eLArX7ZgPnlJKCzKbaR6abBGe-kCn6ZNlh06eIEzM1z6UebyzBZ1UNQXVn4R7j5ScPdq-IOBzRPSOupORPi5xiwjGVi85gfRzs0TsVC8vZ&v=2 This suggests that such genetic modifications could also have the potential to impact wild animals.

Many varieties of crops have been created genetically to resist glyphosate. This herbicide, initially called Roundup and then introduced into the market in 1996 under the trade name Roundup. Farmers can eradicate most herbicides from their fields using this glyphosate resistance without causing damage to their crops.

Glyphosate blocks the enzyme EPSP synthase, which is responsible for the creation of certain amino acid and various other molecules. It also can hinder the growth of plants. https://www.komeri.com/search/ラウンドアップ/?dispNo=&codeSearch=0&searchFirst=1 The genetic-modification technique is used for instance, in Roundup Ready plants made by Monsanto Biotechnology Inc., a biotech firm based out of St Louis, Missouri. It involves inserting genes into the genome of a crop to boost EPSP synthase synthase synthase production. The genes typically come from bacteria that has affected the plant.

The addition of EPSP synase allows for plants to resist the harmful effects of glyphosate. Biotechnology labs are also trying to make use of genes from plants rather than bacteria to boost EPSP synthase. This is mainly due to the US law allows for regulatory approval to allow organisms with transgenes to be accepted.

There aren't many studies that have looked into the possibility that transgenes similar to those that confer glyphosate resistant can make plants more competitive in reproduction and survival once they are introduced to wild or weedy cousins by cross-pollination. Norman Ellstrand of University of California Riverside declares, "The conventional expectation is that any type of transgene that is found in nature will cause disadvantages if there is no selection pressure because the added machinery can lower the fitness."

ラウンドアップ ラウンドアップ Lu Baorong of Fudan University in Shanghai is currently challenging this view. ラウンドアップ The study shows that resistance to glyphosate even when it is not applied to a weedy varieties of the rice crop could provide a substantial health benefit.

Lu and his coworkers genetically modified the rice species to express the EPSP synthase. Then, they crossed it with a plant that was weedy.

The team then allowed the offspring of cross-breeding to cross-breed with each other to create second generation hybrids. They were identical genetically except for the amount of EPSP synthase genes they had. The ones with more copies expressed higher amounts of the enzyme and produced more amino acid tryptophan than the unmodified ones.

Researchers also discovered that plants with transgenic genes were more photosynthesis-intensive as well as produced more flowers and produced 48 to 125 percent fewer seeds per plant than non-transgenic hybrids. This was despite the fact that glyphosate wasn't present.

Lu says that making weedy grains more competitive can create more difficulties to farmers around the world who have crops infected by the insect.

Brian Ford Lloyd, a UK plant scientist, stated that the EPSP Synthase gene may be introduced in wild rice varieties. This would erode their genetic diversity, which is extremely important. "This is among the most evident instances of the highly probable negative effects [of GM crops] on the natural environment."

The general public believes that genetically modified plants containing more replicas of their own genes than those from microorganisms are safer. ラウンドアップ This notion is however questioned by the study. Lu claims that the study doesn't support this notion.

According to some scientists this research suggests that any future regulation for genetically engineered plants should be rethought. Ellstrand states that "some people believe that biosafety regulation could be relaxed since we have a the most comfort with genetic engineering over the last two decades." "But the study shows that new products require cautious assessment."


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