Notes

What happened to Roundup Ready and Roundup develop?
What is Roundup Ready? Roundup Ready refers to a trademarked line of genetically altered seeds that is resistant to Roundup. These crops are called 'Roundup Ready crops'.

https://www.monotaro.com/g/01028612/ Who invented Roundup?
John Franz, Monsanto chemical scientist and the first to realize the active ingredient in Roundup was glyphosate, in the year 1970. He was the first to identify it as an herbicide. In the year 1970, the majority of herbicides used in the agricultural field were pre-emergent. https://www.rakuten.ne.jp/gold/kaientai/category/sunfulon/ This means that they were applied before the crop and weeds were established. Glyphosate's capacity to control huge quantities of grass weeds and broadleafs was totally different. Its extraordinary environmental properties (soil inactivation and rapid degradation, etc.).) and toxicological qualities (extremely minimal levels of toxicity for mammals as well as other beneficial species) created it to be a groundbreaking product.

When was the time that Roundup created?
Roundup(r), which was first introduced to the market as a broad-spectrum herbicide in 1974, rapidly became one of the most sought-after agricultural chemicals in the world. It was initially used in ditches, on railroads and also on fields between growing seasons. This allowed farmers the ability to control grasses and broadleafweeds within the soil. This way they could lessen the need to tillage to preserve soil structure and also reduce erosion of soil.

Next was Roundup Ready GMOs.
ラウンドアップ Monsanto scientists, inspired by the amazing advancements in recombinant technology in the 1970s recognized the numerous benefits to farmers if Roundup could be directly applied to their crops in order to reduce the weeds. The challenge was first tackled by a small team of scientists led by Dr Ernie Jaworski (Rob Horsch and Steve Rogers), The team had already created the first systems that could introduce genes into plants in the 1980s. We then focused our efforts on developing viruses–resistant resistant, insect-resistant, Roundup-tolerant varieties of cropping.

It was found out that Roundup was able to inhibit the biochemical pathways of plants which produce aromatic amino acids. (Both animals and humans don't have this pathway, which is why Roundup’s high level for mammalian safety). Also it quickly broken down in soils by microorganisms. https://www.rakuten.ne.jp/gold/kaientai/category/sunfulon/ Our research had identified both plant- and microbial genetics that conferred greater herbicide tolerance. Roundup Ready plants were first examined in the field by USDA in 1987. It was the first field test conducted for Roundup Ready tomato plants. In the following years, the Roundup Ready gene was isolated and identified.

Let's look at soybeans as an example, by answering the questions, What is Roundup Ready soybeans and what is the process by which Roundup Ready soybeans are constructed? Roundup Ready Soybeans are genetically engineered soybeans that have had their DNA modified so that they are able to resist the herbicide glyphosate which is the main ingredient in the herbicide, Roundup. These soybeans are tolerant to glyphosate as each soybean seed has the gene for Roundup Ready implanted into it prior to being planted. This means that farmers can apply herbicide to eliminate weeds without harming their crops.

You can see that Roundup Ready crops were introduced in 1996 and changed the agricultural sciences and agriculture. Farmers quickly realised the advantages of Roundup resistance, and the adoption rate was very quick (today more than 90% of the U.S. soybean, corn, cotton and canola acres utilize biotech traits for herbicide resistance). In addition to simplifying and improving weed control methods which improved yields of crops Roundup Ready crops cut down on the amount of tillage required and decreased the expense of equipment and made harvesting easier due to "cleaner fields" with less plants. The increase in the use of conservation tillage has an environmental benefit that is significant. https://search.rakuten.co.jp/search/mall/ラウンドアップ+マックスロード/ By the reduction of plowing, farmers can reduce their energy use and emissions of GHG while maintaining soil structure and decreasing erosion. This was equivalent of taking away 28.4 Billion kg carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, which is 12.4 M cars off the road for one year (Source . PG Economics.
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