Notes

Well being Effects of EMF Radiation
The radiation RF-EMF causes damage to DNA, increase the temperature of tissues, and disrupt the blood brain barrier. These are real-world effects, and ARPANSA is actively involved with the EHS communities, medical specialists as well as researchers. ARPANSA will continue study research related to the health effects of EMF radiation.

RF-EMF can cause DNA damage
Exposed to man-made electromagnetic fields (EMFs) is associated with DNA damage as well as health effects. EMFs can affect the intracellular ionic levels, which are essential to ensure the balance of electrochemical activity in cells. It can also alter the balance of cell metabolism, resulting damages to the DNA. Furthermore, exposure to EMFs can also trigger the production of free radicals as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS).

The exposure to radiation from RF-EMF has been linked with alterations in male germ cell development. This results in the differentiation of the germ cell into spermatozoa as well as functional maturation as the spermatozoa travel across the epididymis. To investigate the effects of RF-EMF on the development of male germ cells, a specially-built waveguide device was developed for the exposure of mice without restriction to RF-EMF at 2.2 W/kg.

In a recent study, researchers found that exposure to RF EME caused the oxidative DNA damage of spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation increased by 18% after one week of treatment and by 23% after 5 weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG).

However, RF-EMF radiation is not yet considered to be a carcinogen. However, several studies have revealed that RF-EMF exposure can impair the integrity of DNA in range of cell lines. In one such study researchers exposed Vero cells to an EMF at 100 Hz over about 45 minutes. They measured DNA damage within 48 hours of exposure to determine if the exposure affected DNA integrity.

The effect of RF-EMF on tissue heating
Although the effects of RF-EMF are typically considered as thermal in nature, some studies have demonstrated that non-thermal effects may also be present. These factors could be responsible for some of the unresolved observations in the epidemiological study of EMF hypersensitivity. Therefore, it is important to take into account non-thermal effects when conducting a systematic review.

The non-thermal effects of RF-EMF may be felt at the cell's membrane. This is an area which has already been extensively studied. In particular the electrochemical properties of cell membranes has been investigated. It is believed that energy from RF-EMF that exceeds 1 MHz is transmitted to the tissue via dielectric and ionic dissipation. Previous theoretical analyses indicated that the energy transferred to tissues could be as high as 200 kV/m.

The electric properties of tissues are regulated through the distribution and composition of water molecules, and other molecules within the body. emf radiation symptoms determines how well absorbed EMR from RF is absorbed by different tissues. The tissues with the highest conductivity tend to absorb more EMR field and produce more of an effect. This is why the level of heat generated by tissue does not increase steadily as it moves from the exterior to and is only noticeable in hot areas. Bone and fatty tissue are less susceptible to heating by RF as compared to other tissues, since they are low in water content.

The intensity of penetration of electromagnetic fields depends on the strength and frequency that the electromagnetic field has. Muscle tissue absorbs more field energy than other tissues, and converts it to heat more efficiently. Typically, the depth of penetration of RF-EMF is measured by millimeters (mm). The higher the frequency, more shallow the penetration.


RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption
Researchers have found that RF-EMF can disrupt the blood-brain barrier change sleep patterns as well as neurotransmitter levels. Additionally to this, the effects that EMF affect brain function are linked to neurodegenerative disorders. For example, EMF from mobile phones can affect electroencephalogram activity and sleep patterns, in addition to the actions of nitric Oxide and xanthin oxide.

Researchers at Vienna University have studied the effects of RF-EMF exposure in brain cells. They also examined how ELF EMF on the nervous system. Although the cellular mechanisms that are involved aren't fully known but there is a clear connection between exposure to ELF-EMF and myelin depletion. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. However, there are proven methods for regenerating myelin within the brain.

Researchers have discovered that exposure to frequencies of 900 Mhz EMF caused a rise in the permeability of BBB and also increased the signs of neuronal damage in rodents. They also observed increased exovasation of albumin to neurons. Further, they found in 30 minutes exposure at 900 MHz 99mTcMIBI increased its penetration into the brain. However this effect didn't occur with Evans blue-based injections.

Despite these findings, RF EMF does not have a clear mechanism to disrupt the BBB. The evidence suggests that nonthermal EMF exposure increases erythrocyte membrane permeability, which may influence the BBB and enhance the efflux of calcium-ion. Moreover, the presence of a 99mTc-MIBI radiotracer within the brain has been associated with increased permeability of the BBB.

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