Notes

Benefits of genetically modified crops over weeds

Wild plants could be given resistance to herbicides.

Credit: Xiao Yang
A common technique for genetic modification of crops to make them resistant to herbicides has been proven to provide advantages to weedy varieties rice, even when herbicide isn't present. https://www.ikeda-green.com/item/gaichu-33/ The finding suggests that the benefits of this modification have the potential to extend beyond the confines of farms out into the wild.

ラウンドアップ Many cultivars are genetically altered so that they can ward off glyphosate. This herbicide was first available under the trade name Roundup. Farmers can eradicate most the weeds that grow in their fields by using this glyphosate resistance without causing damage to their crops.

https://www.kaunet.com/rakuraku/spook3/main?Keyword=%83%89%83E%83%93%83h%83A%83b%83v%83%7D%83b%83N%83X%83%8D%81%5B%83h&ShowList=1 Glyphosate slows the growth of plants by stopping EPSP synthase (an enzyme that plays a role in the formation of amino acids as well as other molecules). This enzyme can comprise as much as 35% or more of the plant's total mass. The technique of genetic modification used, for instance in the Roundup Ready crops made by the biotechnology giant Monsanto which is headquartered in St Louis, Missouri -usually involves inserting genes into a crop's genome to boost EPSP-synthase production. Genes are typically derived from bacteria that infect the plants.

ラウンドアップ This extra EPSP synthase permits plants to counteract the effects of glyphosate. Biotechnology labs have also tried to make use of genes from plants instead of bacteria to boost the production of EPSP synthase, in part to exploit a loophole in US law that allows the approval of regulatory agencies for organisms that carry transgenes not that are derived from bacteria.

There aren't many studies that have examined whether transgeneslike those that confer resistance glyphosate, can make plants more resilient in survival and reproduction once they cross-pollinate with weedy or wild species. Norman Ellstrand of the University of California, Riverside, explained that the standard assumption was that any transgene will confer disadvantage in nature if there is no selection pressure. ラウンドアップ ラウンドアップ This is due to the fact that any additional machines would reduce the performance of the.

Lu Baorong is an Ecologist at Fudan University Shanghai. His study shows that glyphosate resistance is a major fitness benefit even when it's not used.

In the study which was published this month in New Phytologist 1, Lu and his colleagues modified the genetics of the cultivated rice species to increase the expression of its own EPSP synthase and cross-bred the modified rice with a weedy ancestor.

The group allowed the offspring of crossbreeding to crossbreed with each other, resulting in second-generation hybrids that are genetically identical with each other , with the exception of the amount of copies of the gene that encodes EPSP synase. ラウンドアップ The team discovered that the ones that had more copies of the gene that codes for EPSP synthase had more enzyme expression and also produced more tryptophan which is what we expected.

Researchers also found that transgenic hybrids were more photogenic, they produced more plants per plant and had 48-125% higher yields of seeds than non-transgenic varieties.

Lu believes that making weedy, invading rice more competitive might make it more difficult for farmers to recover from the harm caused by this bug.

ラウンドアップ Brian Ford-Lloyd (a UK plant geneticist) states that if the EPSP synthase genes are introduced into wild rice, then their genetic diversity that is essential to protect could be threatened. The transgene could outcompete normal species. "This is one clear example of the extremely plausible detrimental consequences [of GM plants] on our surroundings."

The research also challenges the notion that genetically modified plants with extra copies of their genes are safer than those containing microorganism genes. Lu states that the study "shows that this isn't always true".

According to some scientists this research suggests that the future regulation of genetically engineered crops needs to be reviewed. Ellstrand thinks that biosafety rules could be relaxed as we can enjoy a high level satisfaction from the two decades of genetic engineering. "But the research still shows that novel products require careful evaluation."


Homepage: https://www.monotaro.com/g/01028612/