Notes

How did Roundup Ready & Roundup come to be?
What is Roundup Ready? And what are Roundup-ready crops? https://search.kakaku.com/%8F%9C%91%90%8D%DC%20%83%89%83E%83%93%83h%83A%83b%83v%83%7D%83b%83N%83X%83%8D%81%5B%83h/ Roundup Ready is a trademark name for a patented line of genetically modified seeds that are resistant to the herbicide that is based on glyphosate called Roundup. These are the crops that are known as Roundup Ready.

https://www.yodobashi.com/product/100000001002109951/ Roundup was created by whom?
John Franz, Monsanto's chemist who first discovered Glyphosate as an herbicide in Roundup in 1970. The majority of herbicides of that period were preemergent. These were applied before the weeds and crops developed. Glyphosate's post-emergent function in the control of large quantities of grass weeds and broadleaf weeds was quite different. This, combined with its extraordinary environmental properties (soil activation rapid decay, low toxicity, no carry-over etc.) as well as toxicological properties (extremely low toxicity for beneficial organisms and mammals) this resulted in a revolutionary product.

ラウンドアップ What year was it that Roundup created?
Roundup (r) was introduced onto the market in 1974. https://www.jacom.or.jp/nouyaku/news/2019/10/191024-39457.php It's an herbicide with a wide range that soon became a world market leader. It was initially used in ditches, along railroad tracks and also on fields between the growing seasons. It allowed farmers to control broadleaf and grass weeds growing out of the soil. This eliminated the necessity for tillage, maintained soil structure and reduced soil erosion.

The Roundup Ready GMOs were next.
Monsanto scientists saw the potential benefits Roundup(r) Recombinant DNA product might have for farmers after the technological breakthroughs of the 1970s. Ernie Jaworski, Rob Horsch, Steve Rogers, and I began working on this issue. The first systems for introducing gene into plants were developed by this group in the early 1980s. Then the focus changed to creating virusresistant and insect-resistant and Roundup-tolerant crops.

It was found that Roundup glyphosate hindered plants' ability to produce aromatic amino acids. Roundup's high level in mammalian safety was because of this. Glyphosate was also quickly broken down in soil by microorganisms. In the latter half of the 1980s scientists discovered both plant genes and microbial genes which conferred higher herbicide tolerance. ラウンドアップ In 1987, the USDA approved the first field study of Roundup Ready crops. It was the first test in the field of Roundup Ready tomato plants. After a few years, the Roundup Ready trait, which was the bacteria genetic trait, was discovered and introduced to the crops.

Let's look at soybeans as an example, by answering the questions, what are Roundup Ready soybeans? And what is the process by which Roundup Ready soybeans are produced? Roundup Ready soybeans are soybeans genetically engineered which have had their DNA modified so that they can withstand Roundup's herbicide, glyphosate. Since each soybean seed was injected with the Roundup Ready gene prior to planting the seeds, they are insensitive to the chemical glyphosate. This allows farmers to spray their fields using the herbicide without killing their crop.

Roundup Ready crops changed agriculture and the field of agricultural science in 1996. Farmers quickly recognized the benefits of Roundup resistance and adoption was very swift (today over 90% of the U.S. soybean cotton, corn, and canola acres use biotech traits for herbicide resistance). Roundup Ready crops not just made it easier and more efficient to manage weeds techniques, but also decreased costs for tillage and equipment. This allowed for more efficient harvests and a lower number of weeds. A major environmental benefit has been the increase in adoption of conservation cultivation: farmers can reduce the amount of energy used as well as GHG emissions, and also improve soil structure while maintaining soil structure. This is equivalent to removing 28.4 billion kilograms of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere in 2013, or 12.4 million cars off the roads for a whole year (Source: , PG Economics).
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