Notes

What made Roundup Ready and Roundup become what they have become today?
What is Roundup Ready? And what are the Roundup-ready crops? Roundup Ready refers to a trademarked line of genetically altered seeds that is resistant to Roundup. These crops are called 'Roundup Ready crops'.

Roundup: Who was the one who invent it?
John Franz, a Monsanto chemist discovered that Glyphosate was an active ingredient in Roundup in the year 1970. ラウンドアップ エノコログサ In the year 1970, the majority of herbicides in the ag field were pre-emergent. In other words, they were sprayed before crop and weeds were established. The unique post-emergent effectiveness of glyphosate in controlling huge amounts of broadleaf grass weeds was astonishing. This, coupled with its extraordinary environmental (soil degradation, rapid degradation, etc.) as well as toxicological properties (extremely high toxicity for mammals (and beneficial organisms), made it an outstanding product.

https://shop.sunday.co.jp/c-3/c-35/c-4500/228935/ What year was it when Roundup created?
Roundup(r) was introduced on the market in 1974 as a broad-spectrum herbicide. It quickly became one of the most effective agricultural chemicals in the world. Roundup(r) was initially applied on railway tracks, in ditches, as well as on the fields between growing seasons. ラウンドアップ This allowed farmers and ranchers to control broadleaf and grass plants that had emerged from the soil.

The Roundup Ready GMOs followed.
Monsanto scientists recognized the potential benefits Roundup(r), a recombinant DNA product, could have for farmers after the breakthroughs made in the 1970s. This issue was tackled by a small number of scientistsincluding Dr. Ernie Jaworski and Steve Rogers. In the early 1980s , this team had developed the very first methods to introduce genes into plants. Our focus was now on the development of viruses-resistant plants, which are resistant to insect pests and are Roundup-tolerant.

It was discovered that Roundup blocked the production of aromatic amino acid in plants. This explains Roundup’s high-level mammalian safety. Also, glyphosate was rapidly degraded in soil by microorganisms. In the latter half of the 1980s scientists discovered both plant genes and microbial genes which conferred higher tolerance to herbicides. In 1987 the USDA approved the first field trial of Roundup Ready crops. It was a genetically altered crop of tomato plants that were resistant to Roundup. A few years later the bacterial gene that would become the Roundup Ready trait was isolated and introduced into crops.

https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97/s?k=%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97 Let's use soybeans as an example. We first need to answer two questions. http://shinoharasyoten.shop-pro.jp/?pid=107056056 What is Roundup Ready soybeans? How do they make them? Roundup Ready soybeans are genetically engineered in order to be resistant to the herbicide Roundup. Every soybean plant that is bred with the Roundup Ready gene was implanted into it prior to when it's planted. This makes them immune to the chemical glyphosate. This means that farmers can spray their fields with herbicide without killing their crop.

As you can see, the introduction of Roundup Ready crops in 1996 changed the way farmers and agricultural scientists work! Roundup resistance was quickly acknowledged by farmers and widespread adoption began. Today, more than 90% of U.S. soybeans and cotton make use of Roundup Ready crops. Roundup Ready crops have simplified and improved weed control systems and have resulted in better crop yields. ラウンドアップ Apart from decreasing the cost of equipment and tillage Roundup Ready crops make harvesting easier because there are fewer plants. Conservation-tillage's increased adoption has had a significant environmental impact. Farmers can cut down on their consumption of energy and GHGs by decreasing plowing. But, it keeps soil structure intact and helps reduce erosion. In 2013, this was equivalent to the removal of 28 billion kilos of CO2 from the air. This is equivalent to taking 12.4 million vehicles off the road for one year (Source: PG Economics). ラウンドアップ
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