Notes

Genetically modified crops pass advantages to the weeds

ラウンドアップ may possess the advantage of resistance to herbicides.

Weedy rice can take on transgenes from genetically modified crops by cross-pollinating. ラウンドアップ : Xiao Yang
The use of genetic modification to create crops resistant to herbicides has been widely utilized to provide advantages to the varieties of rice that are weedy. These findings suggest that these modifications can have a broad spectrum of effects that extend beyond farms, and even into the wild.

Many kinds of crops have been genetically altered to be resistive to glyphosate. Roundup was the first herbicide that was marketed. This makes it possible for farmers to eliminate most weeds from their fields without harming their crops.

Glyphosate is a plant-killer by blocking EPSP synase, an enzyme involved in the production of amino acids as well as other chemicals that make up about 35% of the plant's mass. Genetic modification, such as the Roundup Ready crops manufactured by Monsanto in St. Louis, Missouri, involves inserting genes into the genetic code to boost EPSP production. The genes typically come from bacteria that are infected with plants.

This extra EPSP synthase enables plants to resist the effects of glyphosate. Biotechnology labs are also looking to make use of genes that come from plants instead of bacteria to boost EPSP synthase. ラウンドアップ is due to the fact that the US law allows for regulatory approval that allows organisms with transgenes to be accepted.

There aren't many studies that have examined whether transgenes such as those that confer glyphosate resistance can -- once they become wild or weedy relatives by cross-pollination -- make those plants more competitive for survival and reproduction. ラウンドアップ of the University of California, Riverside, stated that the conventional expectation was that any transgene would be detrimental to nature if there was no pressure to select. This is due to the fact that any additional machines would reduce the fitness.

Lu Baorong is an Ecologist in Fudan University Shanghai. His study shows that glyphosate resistance provides a significant fitness benefit even when it isn't applied.

https://www.mixcloud.com/roundup44ukre078/ was published in 1. ラウンドアップ and his coworkers genetically modified cultivated rice to boost its EPSP synthase expression , and then crossed it with a weedy counterpart.

The team allowed the offspring from cross-breeding to breed with each other, resulting in second-generation hybrids that are genetically identical to each other , with the exception of the amount of copies of the gene that encodes EPSP synase. The team discovered that the ones who had more copies of the gene that encodes EPSP synthase expressed more enzyme and produced more tryptophan as expected.

Researchers also found that transgenic hybrids produced 48-125% more seeds per plant, had more photosynthesis, and had more shoots than non-transgenic ones.

Lu believes that making rice that is weedy less competitive can make it more difficult for farmers who have their plots affected by the pest.

Brian Ford-Lloyd of Brian Ford-Lloyd from the University of Birmingham, UK, says "If the EPSP synthase gene is introduced to wild rice species the genetic diversity of their species, which was really important in conserving it, could be at risk because it could beat out the conventional varieties." This is one of the most evident examples of plausible negative effects [of GM crop] on the environment."

The study also challenges the popular notion that genetically modified plants with extra copies of their own genes are more secure than the ones that have the genes of microorganisms. Lu says that "our study doesn't prove this to be the case."

Researchers say their findings require a rethinking of the way that genetically modified crops will be regulated in the near future. "Some individuals are suggesting that biosafety regulations are relaxed since we've achieved a high level of comfort with two decades of genetic engineering," says Ellstrand. ラウンドアップ found that any new products need to be evaluated carefully.


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