Notes

Genetically modified crops offer benefits over weeds

In the wild, resistance to herbicides could confer advantages to plants.

Credit goes to Xiao Yang
One common genetic-modification method employed to make crops resistant to herbicides was shown to have advantages over the weedy varieties of rice. https://app.adjust.com/kxy6i5p?redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fpaypayfleamarket.yahoo.co.jp%2Fsearch%2F%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2582%25A6%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%2589%25E3%2582%25A2%25E3%2583%2583%25E3%2583%2597%3Fopen%3D1%26isnext%3D1%26sort%3Ddddr%26order%3Ddesc%26cpt_s%3Dyseo%26cpt_m%3Ddr%26cpt_n%3Dpfleama%26cpt_c%3Dsec%257Esc%257Cslk%257Enext%257Cpos%257E%257Cmtestid%257E%257Cm_pkjp%257E%257Cacwsg%257E0%257Chits%257E443%26cpt_k%3D%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2582%25A6%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2583%2589%25E3%2582%25A2%25E3%2583%2583%25E3%2583%2597 The finding suggests that the effects of such modifications could extend beyond the confines of farms out into the wild.

A variety of kinds of crops are genetically modified to resist glyphosate. Roundup was the first herbicide to be marketed. Farmers are able to eliminate weeds from their fields with this glyphosate-resistant crop without damaging their crops.

Glyphosate slows the growth of plants by blocking EPSP synthase (an enzyme that plays a role in the creation of certain amino acids as well as various other molecules). The enzyme can be as large as 35% or more of a plant's total mass. The method of genetic modification, which is employed in Roundup Ready crops by Monsanto (based in St Louis in Missouri) involves inserting genetic material in a plant to boost EPSP-synthase output. The genes are typically derived from bacteria that are infected with plants.

The addition of EPSP synase allows for the plant to resist the harmful effects of glyphosate. Biotechnology labs have also tried to use genes from plants rather than bacteria to increase EPSP-synthase levels partly to make use of a loophole that is in US law that permits the approval of regulatory agencies for organisms that carry transgenes not derived from bacterial pests.

Few studies have tested whether transgenes such as those that confer resistance to glyphosate can -- once they are weedy or wild relatives through cross-pollination, make plants more competitive in terms of survival and reproduction. https://www.kaunet.com/rakuraku/spook3/main?Keyword=%83%89%83E%83%93%83h%83A%83b%83v%83%7D%83b%83N%83X%83%8D%81%5B%83h&ShowList=1 Norman Ellstrand is a University of California Riverside plant geneticist. "The expectation is that any kind of transgene could cause disadvantages in the wild in the absence of selective pressure because it would reduce the fitness of the plant," Ellstrand said.

Lu Baorong of Fudan University in Shanghai is now challenging that view. The study shows that glyphosate resistance even when applied to an weedy varieties of the rice crop can provide a significant health boost.

Lu and his coworkers genetically modified the rice species to express its EPSP synthase. Then, they crossed-bred it with the plant that was weedy.

The researchers then allowed offspring to crossbreed with one another, resulting in second generation hybrids which are genetically similar to their parents, except for how many copies of the gene that encodes EPSP synthase. ラウンドアップ lv25 The hybrids with more copies had a higher chance to produce more tryptophan and have more enzyme levels than the unmodified hybrids.

Researchers also found that transgenics have higher rates, more flowers, and 48-125% more seeds/plant than nontransgenics.

Making weedy rice more competitive may exacerbate the problems it causes for farmers all over the world where plots are ravaged by pests, Lu says.

Brian Ford-Lloyd is a UK plant geneticist. He states, "If the EPSP synthase gene becomes present in wild rice varieties, their genetic diversity would be threatened which is really crucial because the genotype that has transgene has a higher level of competition than the standard species." "This is among the most clear instances of the highly probable negative effects of GM crops] on the environment."

This study also challenges the notion that genetically modified crops containing extra copies of their genes are more safe than those that contain microorganisms' genes. "Our study suggests that this isn't always the case," Lu says. ラウンドアップ Lu.

Researchers say the findings call for a reconsideration of how genetically modified crops are regulated in the future. ラウンドアップ Ellstrand thinks that biosafety laws could be relaxed as we are able to have a great level of satisfaction from the two decades of genetic engineering. The study found that any new products must be carefully evaluated.

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