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Sweden biomass pellet fuel industry evaluation<br>
Sweden is among the globe's biggest wood pellet fuel manufacturer and also customer. It's wood pellet production modern technology, sector policy, as well as market version project. In this passage, I will do detailed evaluation on Sweden biomass pellet fuel sector, and also exercise some helpful experiences.



Intro

In the 1970s, several nations have made plans to promote biomass energy as a method to cope with power situation and environment air pollution. Since then, biomass energy sector has developed rapidly, and the technology maintain boosting.



Because of the lack of mineral sources, Sweden's economic climate experienced wonderful loss in last century. To make sure nationwide power protection, Sweden federal government strive to create renewable resource.




Biomass pellet fuel has the features of high burning efficiency, reduced ash content, zero carbon exhaust, simple transport, which has been prominent in Europe and also North America. With abundant forestry sources, Sweden pay much focus to the development of biomass pellet fuel. Sweden occupies 20% of the globe's biomass fuel consumption, which grows up at the rate of 8-10%.



Sweden forestry resources and biomass products

Sweden has plentiful forestry sources. The forest covers 64% of the land area, with 51% owned by people, 24% by huge wood business, and 25% by countries as well as various other public organizations. Besides, the forestry expands by 100 million bunches every year, as well as the logging quantity is 92.4 million bunches. The major forestry industries are wood processing, paper processing, and also energy wood. The wood materials for making biomass power mostly originated from the 3 industries above, about 23.48 m3.



Basic material of wood pellets

Of the raw products for making wood pellets, wood shavings occupy 53%, sawdust 35%, and wood chips 5%, others (barks, farming residues, energy forestry) occupies 7%. Some tiny wood pellet factory are developed base on chipboard, furnishings as well as sawdust mills.



With even more firms participating in biomass fuel manufacturing, the competition on the raw products come to be more intense. As the plant straws in Sweden are in scattered distribution, they are difficult to gather as well as refine. So some manufacturers and institutes are creating brand-new products like peat as well as energy crops.



Wood pellet manufacturing innovation and equipment

The pellet molding modern technology has matured in Sweden. Nowadays, it has achieved commercial and also market manufacturing. The production procedure features high automation, needing much less operators. The picture below displayed the wood pellet manufacturing procedure.



Drying out: generally, the wetness web content of sawdust is around 50%. A drum clothes dryer can lower the wetness content to 9-12% to make sure that it is received making pellets.

Crushing: the size of basic materials need to be under 5mm. They need a hammer mill to reduce the dimension.

Conditioning: add high-heat heavy steam to the raw products and soften the cellulous in it. Over half of the pellet fuel suppliers have conditioning process in production.

Pellet molding: the majority of wood pellet manufacturing facilities use vertical kind ring pass away pellet equipment. The manufacturing ability of one machine is 2-4ton/ h. The service life of ring die is 2000-3000h, while the roller can last 1000-1500h.

Cooling: the wood pellets extruded out from the pellet device are at the temperature of 100 ℃. Pellets under this condition are simple to damage and inconvenient for transport. A counter-flow colder can cool the wood pellets in a moderate method.

Packing: the cooled pellets require to be categorized and also packaged according to clients' need. Tiny bags are 16kg, big bags are 900kg. For big clients like nuclear power plant, the wood pellets are transferred by trucks and ships wholesale.

Biomass pellets classification as well as application

In 1999, Sweden federal government published the criterion of wood pellet fuel, in which they are categorized right into 3 courses. The fabulous has high quality. They can be made use of in domestic small burners as well as stoves.The second and also third don't have premium quality. They are utilized by huge commercial customers.



Currently, 57% of the wood pellet fuels in Sweden can fulfill this requirement. Some of them can fulfill the EU standard, others are not produced according to this requirement.



Wood pellet fuel can be applied in small central heating boilers, medium-scale and also massive heating supply facility and power plant. Currently, Sweden has 60% of wood pellet fuel for tiny and also moderate home heating central heating boilers and also regional heating supply facility, and 40% for big heating supply facility and also co-firing nuclear power plant.



From the 1970s to the 1990s, Sweden regional heating plant adopt coal to change oil. After the enact of carbon dioxide exhaust tax obligation, these heating plant look to biomass fuel from coal. In the last years, the amount of biomass fuel for home heating expands from 1.1 PJ to 57PJ. Presently, about 400 local heating plant has adopted wood pellet fuel.



Because the mid 1990s, residential wood pellet market has actually made excellent progression. In the last decades, the use of domestic home heating wood pellets grows rapidly. Presently, Sweden has 200,000 households using wood pellet central heating boilers, 40,000 family members using wood pellet ranges.



Sweden biomass energy growth objective as well as policy

To promote the constant advancement of biomass power, Sweden has made a series of legislations and also plans. To make sure the execute of these policies, the federal government additionally made several practical guidance steps and necessary market requirement.



Sweden not just satisfy the commitment stated Kyoto Procedure that reduced greenhouse discharge by 8%, yet likewise established its very own development goal of biomass power. In pe pelletizing machine , the Minister for lasting advancement division declared that Sweden will totally make use of biofuels and stop using oil, and end up being the first nation that entirely rely on renewable resource.



By 2020, Sweden will increase its percentage of renewable energy to 50%, the use proportion of renewable resource in transportation industry to 10%, power effectiveness by 20%, and cut the discharge of greenhouse gas by 40%.



Wood pellet fuel incentive plan

Sweden has actually executed high rate acquisition, investment aids, tax reduction and also exemption, quota system as well as various other biomass power incentive policy.



Since 1975, Sweden invests 36 million Euro from government budget to support biomass modern technology growth. From dog food pellet making machine to 2002, the federal government gave 25% investment aid to biomass cogeneration projects. From 2004-2006, the government gave 1350 Euros for citizens who make use of biomass heating system.



Sweden generally lay high tax on fuels, powers, CO2, SO2, and so on. To promote the growth of biomass energy, to spare all tax obligations on biomass tasks. In 1991, Sweden government begins to lay tax on CO2 exhaust, which makes the price of oil as well as nonrenewable fuel source rise. Numerous warmth supply center as well as nuclear power plant changes from nonrenewable fuel source to biomass fuel.



To urge the power plant to use biomass energy, Sweden federal government introduced electric power quota system. This plan requires the power distributors to have specific part of electricity produced by renewable resource. For each 1MWh electrical energy, the federal government will certainly give tax obligation alleviation based upon the biomass power quantity.



Sweden wood pellet fuel shedding device

Sweden wood pellet melting innovation is in the leading position. There have been over 20 pellet heater manufacturers, over 50 kinds of wood pellet boilers, 120,000 collections of pellet central heating boilers, 20,000 collections of pellet stoves. As there are still numerous families making use of electrical heating, the pellet boilers have significant capacity.



Sweden pellet burning devices has main home heating boiler and also biomass range 2 kinds.



Central heating central heating boiler can be made use of in 1 or more families. The thermal transfer with water. The powers are 10-40kw, which can be adjusted by 30% -100% according to demands. The main home heating central heating boilers additionally has 2 kinds. The consolidated central heating boiler is connected by a pellet heater as well as a conventional central heating boiler. The boiler can get in touch with numerous heaters. The incorporated boilers are primarily imported from Austria as well as Germany, some created by residential producers.



Biomass stoves or heater

Biomass ranges likewise has 2 types. Independent pellet cooktop and also Chimney piece type heater. The former on is more popular. The independent pellet oven has a pellet stock container within, which can hold wood pellets for 2-day usage.




Biomass pellet cooktop can understand automatic dental filling and also burning. Based on various feeding approach, pellet stoves has top feed, lower feed and horizontal feed 3 kinds. Leading feed pellet stoves are the most preferred. Owing to high convenience and also sanitation, small pellet stoves offer well recently.



Functions of Sweden biomass fuel sector

Sweden has abundant forestry resources and abundant forestry waste, which become the major raw materials for biomass pellets.

Sweden wood pellet sector has actually been fully marketed. Many manufacturers are big as well as moderate companies, with mature modern technology. Little wood pellet manufacturing facilities are mainly improve chipboard, furniture and saw mills.

The government has made extensive regulations and also plans to drive the wood pellet manufacturing. This is why the wood pellet industry develops quickly considering that the 1990s.

Criterion for wood pellet fuel keep boosting. In the 1990s, Sweden published the standard for wood pellets, and also measured the technique day of pellet fuel as well as heaters.

Fully grown burning technology as well as devices. In recent times, Sweden's production of pellet central heating boiler and also pellet heating stoves maintain increasing.

Perfect quality assurance system. Sweden federal government specified that the wood pellet fuel as well as burning devices should acquire third-party screening qualifications prior to getting in the market.



Final thought

Sweden is a significant wood pellet fuel producer as well as customer on the planet. Biomass power plays an essential duty in its manufacturing as well as way of living. Worldwide, biomass pellets are going to play a more vital function in heating supply, power generation, and also commercial manufacturing.


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