Notes

Sweden biomass pellet fuel sector evaluation<br>
Sweden is among the world's biggest wood pellet fuel producer and also customer. It's wood pellet production innovation, industry policy, and also market model are prominent. In this flow, I will certainly do extensive evaluation on Sweden biomass pellet fuel industry, as well as work out some helpful experiences.



Intro

In the 1970s, lots of nations have made plans to promote biomass energy as a way to handle energy dilemma and setting pollution. Since then, biomass power industry has actually created swiftly, as well as the modern technology keep boosting.



Due to the absence of mineral resources, Sweden's economic situation suffered fantastic loss in last century. To guarantee national energy safety, Sweden government aim to create renewable resource.



Biomass pellet fuel has the attributes of high burning effectiveness, reduced ash material, no carbon discharge, simple transportation, which has actually been popular in Europe and The United States And Canada. With plentiful forestry sources, Sweden pay much interest to the development of biomass pellet fuel. Sweden takes up 20% of the world's biomass fuel intake, which grows up at the speed of 8-10%.



Sweden forestry sources and also biomass products

Sweden has abundant forestry resources. The woodland covers 64% of the acreage, with 51% had by individuals, 24% by large wood business, and also 25% by countries and various other public companies. Besides, the forestry expands by 100 million lots annually, and the logging quantity is 92.4 million lots. The significant forestry markets are wood handling, paper processing, and also power wood. The wood products for making biomass power generally come from the 3 markets above, regarding 23.48 m3.



Resources of wood pellets

Of the raw materials for making wood pellets, wood shavings occupy 53%, sawdust 35%, and also wood chips 5%, others (barks, farming deposits, power forestry) uses up 7%. Some tiny wood pellet factory are built base upon chipboard, furniture and also sawdust mills.



With more business engaging in biomass fuel production, the competitors on the raw products become a lot more fierce. As the plant straws in Sweden remain in scattered distribution, they are tough to gather as well as process. So some producers and institutes are developing new materials like peat and also power plants.



Wood pellet making innovation as well as equipment

The pellet molding innovation has grown in Sweden. Nowadays, it has attained industrial and market production. The manufacturing process features high automation, needing much less operators. The picture below showed the wood pellet manufacturing procedure.



Drying out: generally, the wetness web content of sawdust is around 50%. A drum dryer can lower the dampness web content to 9-12% so that it is gotten approved for making pellets.

Crushing: the dimension of resources must be under 5mm. They need a hammer mill to decrease the dimension.

Conditioning: add high-heat vapor to the raw materials as well as soften the cellulous in it. More than half of the pellet fuel manufacturers have conditioning procedure in manufacturing.

Pellet molding: many wood pellet manufacturing facilities utilize vertical kind ring die pellet machine. The production capacity of one machine is 2-4ton/ h. The service life of ring die is 2000-3000h, while the roller can last 1000-1500h.

Air conditioning: the wood pellets extruded out from the pellet equipment are at the temperature of 100 ℃. Pellets under this condition are very easy to break and also troublesome for transportation. A counter-flow cooler can cool down the wood pellets in a modest way.

Packaging: the cooled down pellets need to be identified and packaged according to consumers' demand. goat feed pellet making machine are 16kg, large bags are 900kg. For huge consumers like nuclear power plant, the wood pellets are delivered by trucks and also ships wholesale.

Biomass pellets classification and also application

In 1999, Sweden government released the requirement of wood pellet fuel, in which they are identified right into 3 courses. The first-rate has top quality. They can be made use of in residential small heaters and also stoves.The 2nd and 3rd do not have top quality. They are used by large industrial consumers.



Presently, 57% of the wood pellet fuels in Sweden can meet this requirement. Several of them can fulfill the EU standard, others are not produced according to this standard.



Wood pellet fuel can be applied in little boilers, medium-scale and large-scale home heating supply facility and also nuclear power plant. Presently, Sweden has 60% of wood pellet fuel for little as well as medium home heating central heating boilers and regional home heating supply facility, and 40% for huge heating supply center and also co-firing nuclear power plant.




From the 1970s to the 1990s, Sweden local heating plant adopt coal to replace oil. After the enact of CO2 emission tax obligation, these heating plant turn to biomass fuel from coal. In fish pellet machine , the quantity of biomass fuel for home heating grows from 1.1 PJ to 57PJ. Currently, regarding 400 local heating plant has taken on wood pellet fuel.



Considering that the mid 1990s, residential wood pellet sector has actually made excellent development. In the last decades, using domestic home heating wood pellets proliferates. Presently, Sweden has 200,000 families making use of wood pellet boilers, 40,000 households making use of wood pellet cooktops.



Sweden biomass power growth goal as well as plan

To promote the continual development of biomass power, Sweden has actually made a collection of regulations as well as plans. To guarantee the carry out of these plans, the government also made lots of possible guidance procedures and required industry criterion.



Sweden not just meet the commitment stipulated Kyoto Procedure that cut greenhouse exhaust by 8%, yet additionally set its very own development goal of biomass power. In 2006, the Preacher for sustainable development department claimed that Sweden will completely use biofuels and also quit using oil, and come to be the first nation that totally count on renewable resource.



By 2020, Sweden will certainly raise its proportion of renewable energy to 50%, the use proportion of renewable energy in transportation industry to 10%, power efficiency by 20%, as well as cut the exhaust of greenhouse gas by 40%.



Wood pellet fuel incentive policy

Sweden has actually executed high rate purchase, financial investment aids, tax obligation reduction and also exception, quota system and other biomass power motivation policy.



Considering that 1975, Sweden invests 36 million Euro from government budget to support biomass innovation development. From fish feed making machine to 2002, the government supplied 25% financial investment subsidy to biomass cogeneration tasks. From 2004-2006, the government gave 1350 Euros for citizens that use biomass furnace.



Sweden normally lay high tax obligation on fuels, energies, CARBON DIOXIDE, SO2, and so on. To advertise the development of biomass energy, to spare all tax obligations on biomass tasks. In 1991, Sweden federal government starts to lay tax on carbon dioxide discharge, which makes the price of oil as well as nonrenewable fuel source rise. Numerous heat supply facility and power plants changes from fossil fuel to biomass fuel.



To motivate the power plant to utilize biomass power, Sweden federal government presented electrical power quota system. This plan requires the power distributors to have certain part of electrical power produced by renewable energy. For each 1MWh electrical power, the federal government will certainly offer tax obligation relief based on the biomass power quantity.



Sweden wood pellet fuel burning tool

Sweden wood pellet shedding innovation remains in the leading placement. There have actually mored than 20 pellet burner manufacturers, over 50 types of wood pellet boilers, 120,000 collections of pellet central heating boilers, 20,000 sets of pellet cooktops. As there are still many households utilizing electric heating, the pellet boilers have massive possibility.



Sweden pellet burning devices has central heating central heating boiler and also biomass cooktop 2 types.



Central heating central heating boiler can be used in 1 or even more households. The thermal transfer with water. The powers are 10-40kw, which can be adjusted by 30% -100% according to demands. The central home heating central heating boilers also has 2 types. The mixed boiler is linked by a pellet heater as well as a standard central heating boiler. The boiler can connect with different heaters. The integrated boilers are mainly imported from Austria and Germany, some produced by residential producers.




Biomass cooktops or heating system

Biomass ranges likewise has 2 kinds. Independent pellet oven and Smokeshaft piece type heating system. The former on is much more popular. The independent pellet stove has a pellet stock bin inside, which can hold wood pellets for 2-day use.



Biomass pellet stove can realize automatic dental filling as well as burning. Based on various feeding approach, pellet ovens has leading feed, bottom feed and straight feed 3 kinds. Top feed pellet stoves are one of the most prominent. Owing to high comfort as well as sanitation, tiny pellet stoves sell well recently.



Attributes of Sweden biomass fuel market

Sweden has abundant forestry sources as well as bountiful forestry waste, which end up being the primary basic materials for biomass pellets.

Sweden wood pellet market has actually been completely marketed. Most manufacturers are big as well as moderate firms, with mature modern technology. Little wood pellet factories are primarily improve chipboard, furnishings and also saw mills.

The government has actually made thorough legislations and plans to drive the wood pellet production. This is why the wood pellet industry establishes rapidly because the 1990s.

Standard for wood pellet fuel keep boosting. In the 1990s, Sweden released the standard for wood pellets, and also measured the method day of pellet fuel and burners.

Mature burning modern technology and tools. In the last few years, Sweden's production of pellet boiler and also pellet heating stoves maintain enhancing.

Perfect quality control system. Sweden government stated that the wood pellet fuel and burning equipment need to acquire third-party screening accreditations before entering the market.



Conclusion

Sweden is a major wood pellet fuel producer and also consumer worldwide. Biomass energy plays a crucial duty in its manufacturing and also way of life. Around the globe, biomass pellets are going to play a more vital duty in home heating supply, power generation, and industrial manufacturing.


Homepage: https://qiita.com/Richipelletmill