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Sweden biomass pellet fuel industry evaluation<br>
Sweden is one of the world's biggest wood pellet fuel producer and also consumer. It's wood pellet production modern technology, sector plan, and also market model are prominent. In this flow, I will do comprehensive analysis on Sweden biomass pellet fuel sector, and also exercise some useful experiences.




Intro

In the 1970s, several nations have made policies to promote biomass power as a way to handle energy situation as well as environment contamination. Since then, biomass power industry has developed swiftly, and the technology maintain boosting.



As a result of the lack of mineral resources, Sweden's economy endured terrific loss in last century. To ensure national power safety, Sweden government aim to develop renewable energy.



Biomass pellet fuel has the functions of high burning effectiveness, reduced ash web content, no carbon emission, very easy transport, which has been prominent in Europe and North America. With plentiful forestry sources, Sweden pay much attention to the advancement of biomass pellet fuel. Sweden occupies 20% of the world's biomass fuel usage, which matures at the speed of 8-10%.



Sweden forestry resources and biomass materials

Sweden has abundant forestry sources. The woodland covers 64% of the acreage, with 51% owned by people, 24% by big wood companies, and 25% by nations and also other public organizations. Besides, the forestry grows by 100 million bunches yearly, and the logging amount is 92.4 million loads. The major forestry industries are wood handling, paper handling, and power wood. The wood materials for making biomass energy generally originated from the 3 industries above, regarding 23.48 m3.



Raw materials of wood pellets

Of the raw materials for making wood pellets, wood shavings take up 53%, sawdust 35%, and wood chips 5%, others (barks, farming residues, energy forestry) takes up 7%. Some tiny wood pellet manufacturing facility are constructed base upon chipboard, furniture and also sawdust mills.



With more firms taking part in biomass fuel manufacturing, the competition on the raw materials become extra intense. As the plant straws in Sweden are in scattered distribution, they are difficult to accumulate and also process. So some producers as well as institutes are developing new materials like peat and power plants.



Wood pellet producing modern technology and also equipment

The pellet molding modern technology has actually grown in Sweden. Nowadays, manure pellet machine has attained industrial and market manufacturing. The production procedure includes high automation, calling for much less operators. The picture below showed the wood pellet manufacturing procedure.



Drying out: usually, the moisture web content of sawdust is around 50%. A drum dryer can decrease the moisture web content to 9-12% to make sure that it is gotten approved for making pellets.

Crushing: the size of raw materials should be under 5mm. They need a hammer mill to lower the dimension.

Conditioning: include high-heat heavy steam to the raw products and also soften the cellulous in it. More than half of the pellet fuel makers have conditioning process in manufacturing.

Pellet molding: a lot of wood pellet factories make use of vertical kind ring die pellet equipment. The manufacturing capacity of one device is 2-4ton/ h. The service life of ring die is 2000-3000h, while the roller can last 1000-1500h.

Air conditioning: the wood pellets extruded out from the pellet device are at the temperature level of 100 ℃. Pellets under this condition are very easy to damage as well as troublesome for transport. A counter-flow cooler can cool the wood pellets in a modest method.

Packing: the cooled down pellets need to be classified and also packaged according to customers' need. Tiny bags are 16kg, huge bags are 900kg. For huge consumers like power plant, the wood pellets are delivered by trucks as well as ships wholesale.

Biomass pellets category as well as application

In 1999, Sweden federal government released the standard of wood pellet fuel, in which they are categorized right into 3 classes. The first class has excellent quality. They can be utilized in residential tiny burners and also stoves.The 2nd and also third don't have top quality. richi pellet mill are used by huge industrial consumers.



Presently, 57% of the wood pellet fuels in Sweden can fulfill this criterion. A few of them can fulfill the EU criterion, others are not generated according to this requirement.



Wood pellet fuel can be applied in small central heating boilers, medium-scale as well as massive home heating supply center and also power plant. Presently, Sweden has 60% of wood pellet fuel for little as well as moderate heating central heating boilers as well as regional heating supply center, and also 40% for huge heating supply center and also co-firing power plant.



From the 1970s to the 1990s, Sweden regional heating plant embrace coal to replace oil. After the pass of carbon dioxide emission tax obligation, these home heating plant turn to biomass fuel from coal. In the last years, the amount of biomass fuel for heating expands from 1.1 PJ to 57PJ. Presently, regarding 400 local home heating plant has actually taken on wood pellet fuel.



Since the mid 1990s, domestic wood pellet market has actually made terrific progression. In the last decades, the use of residential home heating wood pellets proliferates. Currently, Sweden has 200,000 families making use of wood pellet boilers, 40,000 households utilizing wood pellet cooktops.



Sweden biomass energy development objective and policy

To promote the continual advancement of biomass energy, Sweden has actually made a series of laws and also policies. To make certain the execute of these policies, the government likewise made lots of feasible supervision procedures and obligatory industry standard.



Sweden not only meet the commitment specified Kyoto Protocol that reduced greenhouse discharge by 8%, but likewise set its very own advancement objective of biomass power. In 2006, the Minister for sustainable growth division claimed that Sweden will entirely use biofuels and stop utilizing oil, and come to be the initial nation that totally rely on renewable resource.




By 2020, Sweden will increase its percentage of renewable resource to 50%, the usage ratio of renewable resource in transport sector to 10%, energy effectiveness by 20%, as well as reduced the emission of greenhouse gas by 40%.



Wood pellet fuel reward policy

Sweden has actually accomplished high price acquisition, investment aids, tax obligation reduction as well as exemption, quota system as well as various other biomass power motivation plan.



Considering that 1975, Sweden invests 36 million Euro from government budget to support biomass modern technology development. From 1997 to 2002, the federal government supplied 25% financial investment subsidy to biomass cogeneration jobs. From 2004-2006, the federal government gave 1350 Euros for homeowners who make use of biomass heating unit.



Sweden typically lay high tax obligation on fuels, energies, CARBON DIOXIDE, SO2, and so on. To promote the development of biomass power, to excuse all tax obligations on biomass projects. In 1991, Sweden federal government starts to lay tax obligation on CO2 discharge, which makes the rate of oil as well as nonrenewable fuel source surge. So many warm supply center as well as nuclear power plant switches over from fossil fuel to biomass fuel.



To motivate the nuclear power plant to utilize biomass energy, Sweden federal government presented electric power quota system. This policy requires the power vendors to have particular section of power produced by renewable energy. For each 1MWh electrical energy, the federal government will provide tax relief based on the biomass power quantity.



Sweden wood pellet fuel melting gadget

Sweden wood pellet burning innovation remains in the leading placement. There have actually been over 20 pellet heater suppliers, over 50 kinds of wood pellet central heating boilers, 120,000 sets of pellet boilers, 20,000 sets of pellet cooktops. As there are still several households using electrical heating, the pellet central heating boilers have big potential.



Sweden pellet burning tools has main heating central heating boiler as well as biomass stove 2 types.



Central home heating boiler can be used in 1 or more households. The thermal transfer with water. The powers are 10-40kw, which can be adjusted by 30% -100% according to demands. The main home heating central heating boilers also has 2 types. The combined central heating boiler is linked by a pellet heater and a standard central heating boiler. The boiler can get in touch with various heaters. The incorporated boilers are primarily imported from Austria and Germany, some created by domestic makers.



Biomass ranges or heating system

Biomass ovens also has 2 kinds. Independent pellet range as well as Smokeshaft piece kind heater. The previous on is extra popular. The independent pellet oven has a pellet supply bin inside, which can hold wood pellets for 2-day use.



Biomass pellet range can realize automated dental filling and also burning. Based on various feeding approach, pellet stoves has top feed, bottom feed and horizontal feed 3 kinds. Leading feed pellet cooktops are the most preferred. Owing to high benefit and also tidiness, tiny pellet ovens sell well in recent years.



Attributes of Sweden biomass fuel sector

Sweden has abundant forestry resources and also bountiful forestry waste, which end up being the major basic materials for biomass pellets.

Sweden wood pellet industry has been completely commercialized. A lot of makers are large and also medium companies, with mature technology. Little wood pellet manufacturing facilities are mainly improve chipboard, furniture and also saw mills.

The government has actually made comprehensive laws and policies to drive the wood pellet manufacturing. This is why the wood pellet industry establishes swiftly given that the 1990s.

Standard for wood pellet fuel maintain improving. In the 1990s, Sweden published the requirement for wood pellets, and also gauged the technique date of pellet fuel and heaters.

Fully grown burning technology as well as tools. Recently, Sweden's production of pellet central heating boiler and pellet heating ovens keep increasing.

Perfect quality assurance system. Sweden government stipulated that the wood pellet fuel as well as burning tools must acquire third-party testing certifications prior to getting in the market.



Final thought

Sweden is a major wood pellet fuel producer and also customer worldwide. Biomass energy plays an important duty in its manufacturing and also way of living. Around the globe, biomass pellets are mosting likely to play a more crucial role in home heating supply, power generation, and also industrial production.


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