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Sweden biomass pellet fuel industry evaluation<br>
Sweden is one of the globe's biggest wood pellet fuel producer and also customer. It's wood pellet production innovation, market plan, and also market version are prominent. In this flow, I will do detailed analysis on Sweden biomass pellet fuel sector, and also work out some valuable experiences.



Introduction

In the 1970s, several countries have actually made plans to advertise biomass power as a means to deal with power dilemma and setting air pollution. Since then, biomass energy sector has developed rapidly, as well as the technology keep improving.



Due to the absence of mineral resources, Sweden's economy suffered great loss in last century. To guarantee nationwide power security, Sweden government aim to create renewable resource.



Biomass pellet fuel has the functions of high burning performance, low ash web content, no carbon discharge, simple transport, which has actually been prominent in Europe and The United States And Canada. With bountiful forestry sources, Sweden pay much interest to the advancement of biomass pellet fuel. Sweden takes up 20% of the globe's biomass fuel intake, which matures at the speed of 8-10%.



Sweden forestry resources and biomass materials

Sweden has plentiful forestry resources. The woodland covers 64% of the land area, with 51% possessed by individuals, 24% by huge wood business, and 25% by countries and other public organizations. Besides, the forestry grows by 100 million tons every year, as well as the logging quantity is 92.4 million heaps. The major forestry markets are wood handling, paper processing, and energy wood. The wood products for making biomass energy mainly originated from the 3 sectors above, regarding 23.48 m3.



Basic material of wood pellets

Of the raw materials for making wood pellets, wood shavings use up 53%, sawdust 35%, and wood chips 5%, others (barks, farming residues, energy forestry) takes up 7%. Some small wood pellet manufacturing facility are constructed base on chipboard, furnishings and sawdust mills.



With more firms participating in biomass fuel production, the competitors on the raw materials become more tough. As the crop straws in Sweden remain in scattered distribution, they are tough to collect and also refine. So some producers and institutes are establishing brand-new products like peat and also power plants.



Wood pellet producing innovation as well as devices

The pellet molding innovation has grown in Sweden. Nowadays, it has attained business as well as market manufacturing. The production process includes high automation, needing less operators. The picture listed below displayed the wood pellet manufacturing procedure.



Drying: usually, the dampness material of sawdust is around 50%. A drum clothes dryer can decrease the wetness material to 9-12% so that it is received making pellets.

Crushing: the size of raw materials need to be under 5mm. They require a hammer mill to reduce the dimension.


Conditioning: add high-heat steam to the raw materials and also soften the cellulous in it. Over half of the pellet fuel makers have conditioning process in production.

Pellet molding: the majority of wood pellet factories utilize vertical kind ring die pellet device. The manufacturing ability of one maker is 2-4ton/ h. The life span of ring die is 2000-3000h, while the roller can last 1000-1500h.

Cooling: the wood pellets extruded out from the pellet machine are at the temperature of 100 ℃. Pellets under this condition are easy to break as well as bothersome for transport. A counter-flow cooler can cool off the wood pellets in a modest way.

Packaging: the cooled pellets require to be identified and also packaged according to consumers' demand. Little bags are 16kg, big bags are 900kg. For big consumers like nuclear power plant, the wood pellets are transferred by trucks as well as ships wholesale.

Biomass pellets category as well as application

In 1999, Sweden government released the standard of wood pellet fuel, in which they are classified into 3 classes. The fabulous has top quality. They can be utilized in residential tiny burners as well as stoves.The 2nd and 3rd don't have premium quality. They are made use of by huge commercial consumers.



Presently, 57% of the wood pellet fuels in Sweden can fulfill this standard. Several of them can meet the EU requirement, others are not generated according to this criterion.



Wood pellet fuel can be applied in tiny central heating boilers, medium-scale as well as large-scale heating supply facility as well as nuclear power plant. Presently, Sweden has 60% of wood pellet fuel for small and average home heating central heating boilers as well as local home heating supply center, as well as 40% for huge home heating supply center and also co-firing nuclear power plant.



From the 1970s to the 1990s, Sweden regional heating plant adopt coal to change oil. After the enact of carbon dioxide discharge tax, these heating plant resort to biomass fuel from coal. In the last years, the amount of biomass fuel for heating expands from 1.1 PJ to 57PJ. Presently, regarding 400 regional home heating plant has embraced wood pellet fuel.



Since the mid 1990s, domestic wood pellet industry has actually made great progression. In the last decades, the use of residential heating wood pellets grows rapidly. Presently, Sweden has 200,000 families utilizing wood pellet central heating boilers, 40,000 family members utilizing wood pellet cooktops.



Sweden biomass energy growth objective and also plan

To promote the continual growth of biomass power, Sweden has actually made a series of regulations and also plans. To guarantee the carry out of these policies, the government also made lots of possible guidance measures and required sector requirement.



Sweden not only satisfy the obligation stipulated Kyoto Procedure that cut greenhouse discharge by 8%, however additionally set its own advancement objective of biomass energy. In 2006, the Priest for sustainable development department declared that Sweden will totally make use of biofuels and also quit making use of oil, and come to be the very first nation that entirely rely upon renewable resource.



By 2020, Sweden will certainly enhance its proportion of renewable energy to 50%, the usage proportion of renewable energy in transport sector to 10%, power efficiency by 20%, as well as cut the discharge of greenhouse gas by 40%.



Wood pellet fuel motivation plan

Sweden has actually accomplished high rate purchase, investment aids, tax reduction and also exemption, quota system as well as other biomass energy motivation plan.



Since 1975, Sweden spends 36 million Euro from government spending plan to sustain biomass modern technology advancement. From 1997 to 2002, the government gave 25% investment subsidy to biomass cogeneration jobs. From ring die pellet mill -2006, the federal government provided 1350 Euros for citizens that utilize biomass heating system.



Sweden generally lay high tax obligation on fuels, energies, CO2, SO2, and so on. To advertise the development of biomass power, to excuse all tax obligations on biomass tasks. In 1991, Sweden government starts to lay tax on CO2 emission, which makes the cost of oil and nonrenewable fuel source increase. Many warmth supply center and nuclear power plant switches over from fossil fuel to biomass fuel.



To motivate the nuclear power plant to utilize biomass energy, Sweden federal government introduced electric power quota system. This plan calls for the power vendors to have certain portion of power produced by renewable energy. For each 1MWh electrical power, the federal government will certainly offer tax obligation alleviation based upon the biomass power quantity.



Sweden wood pellet fuel melting tool

Sweden wood pellet burning technology remains in the leading placement. There have mored than 20 pellet burner manufacturers, over 50 kinds of wood pellet central heating boilers, 120,000 sets of pellet central heating boilers, 20,000 sets of pellet cooktops. As there are still numerous households utilizing electrical home heating, the pellet boilers have big potential.



Sweden pellet burning equipment has central home heating central heating boiler as well as biomass stove 2 kinds.



Central home heating central heating boiler can be made use of in 1 or more families. The thermal send with water. The powers are 10-40kw, which can be adjusted by 30% -100% according to needs. The central home heating boilers additionally has 2 types. The mixed boiler is linked by a pellet burner and also a typical central heating boiler. The boiler can connect with different burners. The integrated central heating boilers are mainly imported from Austria and also Germany, some produced by residential suppliers.




Biomass ovens or furnace

Biomass ovens additionally has 2 kinds. Independent pellet stove and also Smokeshaft item type heater. The previous on is much more popular. The independent pellet oven has a pellet stock container within, which can hold wood pellets for 2-day usage.



Biomass pellet stove can realize automated filling as well as burning. Based upon different feeding technique, pellet ranges has top feed, bottom feed as well as horizontal feed 3 types. Leading feed pellet stoves are one of the most preferred. Owing to high benefit and also cleanliness, little pellet ranges market well in recent times.



Functions of Sweden biomass fuel industry

Sweden has abundant forestry resources and plentiful forestry waste, which become the major raw materials for biomass pellets.

Sweden wood pellet sector has been fully marketed. A lot of manufacturers are large and average firms, with mature innovation. Tiny wood pellet manufacturing facilities are mostly build on chipboard, furnishings as well as saw mills.

The government has actually made thorough legislations and also policies to drive the wood pellet production. This is why the wood pellet industry establishes rapidly because the 1990s.

Standard for wood pellet fuel maintain improving. In the 1990s, Sweden released the standard for wood pellets, and measured the strategy date of pellet fuel and burners.

Mature burning innovation as well as devices. Over the last few years, Sweden's production of pellet boiler and pellet home heating ranges maintain increasing.

Perfect quality assurance system. Sweden federal government stated that the wood pellet fuel and also burning devices should obtain third-party screening accreditations prior to getting in the marketplace.



Final thought

Sweden is a major wood pellet fuel manufacturer as well as customer worldwide. Biomass energy plays an important role in its manufacturing and way of living. manual feed pellet machine over the world, biomass pellets are going to play a more important function in home heating supply, power generation, as well as commercial production.


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