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First Bt crop in India : Bt brinjal
target: lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, army worm
coloepterans (beetles)
dipterns (flies, mosquito)
Bt toxin present as protoxin in Bacillus thrungiensis
and gets activated at alkaline pH of gut
cry1Ac, cry2Ac: cotton ballworm
cry2Ab : corn borer
2.RNA Interference
melodegyne incognicia : causes disease in root knot of tobacco
bhai ke mrna ka complementry bna ke usko double stranded kr dete h to bechara express krke protein nhi bna pata or mr jata hai
Source of RNAi : ds rna : jo hum lete h from the tobacco plant itslef
ds rna silence the genes
RNAi occurs in all eukaryotes for self defence
3.In Medicine
worldwide 30 recombinant proteins are approved , 12 are marketed in india
a.Insulin
after removing the C chain, the A and B chainsa re joined by disulphide bond
chain A has 21 and B has 30 amino acids
1983, Eli Lily
b. Gene Therepy
First: 1990: adenosine diaminase deficiency
lymphocytes
c. Molecular Diagnosis
early detection: PCR: used to detect hiv in aids suspects and mutation i n cancer suspects
ELISA : enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay : antigen antibody interaction
4.How to find a gene mutation
gel electrophoresis se bikhra hua dna nitrocellulose sheet pe lelo
ab probe(radioactive dna/rna jo complimentry h apne gene se) daalo
If our gene is mutated probe will not be able to attach
and if the probe gets attached, the gene isnt mutated
This can be seen through autoradiography (mutate ho jyega to nhi dikhega)
5. Transgenic animals : most are mice
we do so to a. see normal physiology and development of any gene
b. study of genes
c. Biological products: alpha 1 antytrypsin to treat emphysema
in 1995 1st trans cow : rosie: alpha lactalbumim :2.4 gm protein per gm
d. Vaccine and chemical safety
6.Ethical issues
GEAC : Genetic engineering approval commitee
Biopatent
Hamare pass 2 lac variety h rice ki or 27 usme se basmati ke h
BIOTECH OR BREATHING KE SARE PYQ ACHE SE KRKE JAO
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