Notes

Genetically modified crops are more advantageous than weeds

In the wild, herbicide resistance could confer advantages to plants.

Credit Xiao Yang
The most common method for genetic modification of crops to make them herbicide resistant has been proven to provide advantages to weedy varieties rice even when herbicide isn't in use. ラウンドアップ suggests that the benefits of such modification could extend beyond the confines of farms out into the wild.

A variety of varieties of crops have been genetically engineered to resist the glyphosate. This herbicide, initially known as Roundup, was introduced to the market in 1996 under the trade name Roundup. Farmers are able to eliminate weeds from their fields with this glyphosate-resistant crop without causing damage to their crops.

Glyphosate is a deterrent to the growth of plants. It blocks an enzyme known as EPSP synthase. This enzyme is responsible for the production of certain amino acids and other molecules. These compounds could be responsible for as much as 35% of the plant's mass. The genetic modification technique, which is used by Monsanto's Roundup Ready crops, which are based in St Louis (Missouri), generally involves inserting genes into the DNA of the crop to increase EPSP synthase's production. The genes typically come from bacteria that infect the plants.

The additional EPSP synthase allows the plant to withstand the effects of glyphosate. ラウンドアップ tried to use plant genes to boost EPSP synthase activity. This was partly to make use of a loophole that is in US law that permits regulatory approval for transgenes in organisms that have not been derived from pests of bacteria.

Few studies have examined whether transgenes that confer resistance to glyphosate make plants more competitive for reproduction and even survival after they are introduced to wild or weedy cousins through cross-pollination. Norman Ellstrand is a University of California Riverside plant geneticist. "The assumption is that any transgene could cause disadvantages in the wild in the absence of selective pressure due to the fact that it reduces the fitness of the plant," Ellstrand said.

Lu Baorong is an Ecologist in Fudan University Shanghai. His study shows that glyphosate resistance provides a significant fitness benefit, even though it isn't applied.

In their study, which was published this month in New Phytologist 1, Lu and his coworkers genetically altered the cultivated rice species to overexpress its own EPSP synthase. They also crossed-bred the altered rice with a weedy ancestor.

The team then let the offspring of crossbreeding to cross-breed to create second-generation hybrids. They were genetically identical with the exception of the amount of EPSP synthase genes they had. Like one might expect, more copies of the gene produced higher levels enzyme and more tryptophan than their counterparts that were not modified.

The researchers also found that the transgenic hybrids had higher rates of photosynthesis. https://search.kakaku.com/%8F%9C%91%90%8D%DC%20%83%89%83E%83%93%83h%83A%83b%83v%83%7D%83b%83N%83X%83%8D%81%5B%83h/ grew larger flowers and shoots and produced 48-125% more seeds than the non-transgenic hybridswithout the use of glyphosate.

Lu believes that making rice that is weedy less competitive might make it harder for farmers who have their land invaded by pests.

Brian Ford Lloyd, a UK plant scientist, stated that the EPSP Synthase gene could get in wild rice varieties. This would threaten their genetic diversity, which is extremely crucial. This is one of the most clear examples of plausible negative effects [of GM crop on the environment."

The public has a perception that genetically engineered crops that have more copies or microorganisms' genes are more secure than those with only their own genes. Lu claims that the research does not contradict this notion.

ウンドアップ 価格 コメリ have concluded that these findings should prompt a rethinking of how genetically modified crops will be regulated in the future. Ellstrand says that some people think that biosafety rules can be relaxed since we have over two years of genetic engineering. "But https://www.yodobashi.com/product/100000001002109951/ shows that novel products require careful analysis."


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