Notes

Benefits of genetically modified crops over weeds

Wild plants might be resistant to herbicides.

Credit: Xiao Yang
The most common method for genetic modification of crops to make them resistant to herbicides has been proven to provide advantages to the weedy varieties of rice, even when herbicide isn't present. ラウンドアップ indicate that such modification could have positive effects on wild rice varieties and crop varieties.

A variety of crops has been genetically modified so that they become immune to Roundup herbicide glyphosate. This glyphosate-resistant crop allows farmers to wipe out most plants without causing damage to their crop.

Glyphosate hinders growth of plants by blocking an enzyme known as EPSP synthase, which is involved in the production of specific amino acids and other molecules that account for as much as 35% of the plant's mass. The genetic-modification technique is used in, for instance, Roundup Ready plants made by Monsanto, a biotechnology company that is headquartered in St Louis, Missouri. ラウンドアップ involves inserting genes into the genome of a crop to increase EPSP synthase-synthase production. https://search.kakaku.com/%8F%9C%91%90%8D%DC%20%83%89%83E%83%93%83h%83A%83b%83v%83%7D%83b%83N%83X%83%8D%81%5B%83h/ are often derived from bacteria that has infected the plants.

The additional EPSP synase makes it possible for plants to resist the harmful effects of glyphosate. ララウンドアップ 希釈倍率 have tried using plants' genes to increase EPSP synthase activity. This was partially to make use of a loophole that is in US law that permits regulatory approval of transgenes contained in organisms that are not derived from bacteria pests.

There aren't many studies that have examined the possibility that transgenes like ones that confer resistance to glyphosate are able to -- once they are wild or weedy relatives by cross-pollination, make plants more competitive in survival and reproduction. "The traditional expectation is that any transgene will confer disadvantage in the wild in absence of pressure to select, because the extra machinery would decrease the fitness of the plant," says Norman Ellstrand an expert in plant genetics at the University of California in Riverside.

However, a new study conducted by Lu Baorong, an ecologist from Fudan University in Shanghai, challenges that view It reveals that the weedy form of the common rice plant, Oryza sativa has an important boost in fitness due to the resistance to glyphosate even when glyphosate has not been used.

Lu and his associates modified cultivars of rice to make more EPSP synthase. They also crossed the modified rice with a weedy-related. Their research was published in NewPhytologist 1.

The group then permitted the offspring of cross-breeding to be bred with each other to produce second-generation hybrids. These were genetically identical except for the number and count of EPSP synthase gene. The ones with more copies expressed higher levels of the enzyme and also produced more of the amino acid tryptophan than the unmodified ones.

Researchers also found that transgenic hybrids were photogenic, had more seeds per plant and yielded 48-125 percent higher yields of seeds than the non-transgenic varieties.

Lu states that making weedy grains more competitive could increase the difficulties it causes for farmers across the world who have crops affected by the insect.

ラウンドアップ -Lloyd (a UK plant geneticist) states that if the EPSP synthase gene is introduced into wild rice species, then their genetic diversity, which is so important to conserve could be at risk. The transgene would be more competitive than normal species. "This is an example of the most plausible and damaging impacts of GM crops on the environment."

The study also challenges the perception that genetically modified plants with more copies of their genes are less risky than those that contain microorganisms' genes. Lu declares that "our study does not prove that this is the case."

According to some research, the finding suggests that future regulation of genetically engineered crops should be reconsidered. Ellstrand states that "some people now believe that biosafety regulation could be relaxed because we have the most comfort with genetic engineering for two decades." "But the study shows that novel products still need careful evaluation."


Read More: https://www.rakuten.ne.jp/gold/kaientai/category/sunfulon/