Notes

How did Roundup Ready and Roundup become what they have become today?
What is Roundup Ready? And what are the Roundup-ready crops? Roundup Ready is a trademark that refers to a line of genetically engineered crop seeds which are resistant to Roundup. https://www.yodobashi.com/product/100000001002109951/ are called Roundup Ready.

Who invented Roundup?
John Franz, a Monsanto scientist, discovered that Glyphosate was an active ingredient in Roundup in the year 1970. In ラウンドアップ , the vast majority of herbicides used in the agricultural field were pre-emergent. This means that they were sprayed before crop and weeds were established. Glyphosate's capacity to control huge amounts of grass weeds as well as broadleafs was completely different. Its extraordinary environmental properties (soil inactivation and rapid degradation, etc.) and toxicological properties (extremely minimal levels of toxicity to mammals and other beneficial organisms) created it to be a groundbreaking product.

What year was Roundup the first time it was introduced?
Roundup (r) was introduced onto the market in 1974. ラウンドアップ is an herbicide with a wide range which quickly became a world leading product. ラウンドアップ (r) was initially was utilized in ditches along railroads and in fields between the growth seasons. It allowed farmers to control grass and broadleaf wild plants from the soil. ラウンドアップ reduced the need to till and preserved the soil structure.

Then came ラウンドアップ of Roundup Ready GMOs.
Inspiring by the amazing breakthroughs in the field of recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s, Monsanto scientists recognized the many benefits to farmers who benefited if Roundup(r) could be applied directly on growing crops to eliminate weeds from their fields. Ernie Jaworski, Rob Horsch, Steve Rogers, and I began to work on this challenge. In the early 1980s, this group had created the first methods that allowed the introduction of specific genes into plants. Eventually, our focus was on the development of viruses-resistant insects resistant, Roundup-tolerant crops.

It was discovered that Roundup glyphosate hindered plants' ability to create aromatic amino acids. Roundup's high degree of mammalian safety is because of this. Glyphosate is also rapidly metabolized in the soil by microorganisms. Our research had already identified both microbial and plant genetics that conferred greater tolerance to herbicides. Roundup Ready plants were first examined on the field by USDA in 1987. It was the first field test of Roundup Ready tomato plants. A few decades later the Roundup Ready gene that would become the primary characteristic of the Roundup Ready crop was discovered. It was later isolated and introduced into the plants.

Let's look at soybeans, as an illustration. We will answer the questions: What are Roundup Ready soybeans? And how are Roundup ready soybeans made. Roundup Ready soybeans are genetically engineered so they are capable of resisting Roundup, the herbicide. Because each soybean seed was injected with the Roundup Ready gene prior planting the seeds, they are insensitive to glyphosate. This permits farmers to spray their fields with Roundup Ready herbicides to eliminate weeds, but not their crops.

It is clear that Roundup Ready crops were introduced in 1996 and changed agriculture and agricultural science. Roundup resistance was rapidly accepted by farmers. Today more than 90% of U.S. soybean, cotton fields and canola fields utilize biotech-based traits that allow the herbicide to be tolerant. In addition to simplifying and improving the effectiveness of weed control systems that increased yields for crops Roundup Ready crops cut down on tillage and reduced equipment costs and made harvesting easier due to "cleaner fields" with less herbicides. Conservation tillage has had significant environmental benefits. Farmers have decreased their energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions by using less plowing. This helps preserve soil structure and slows erosion. This was equivalent to removing 28.4 million tons of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This means that 12.4 millions cars were removed from the road each year. (Source: and PG Economics).
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