Notes

Genetically modified crops are more beneficial than herbicides

The wild plants may possess an herbicide resistance advantage.

Weedy rice may take on transgenes from genetically modified crops by cross-pollinating. ラウンドアップ 時間 https://www.agriz.net/fs/nouki/560101997001 Credit: Xiao Yang
Genetic modification to make crops resistant to herbicides has been extensively utilized to provide advantages to species of rice that are weedy. This suggests that these changes could affect the natural environment beyond farms.

A variety of crop varieties have been genetically modified to make them resistant to Roundup herbicide glyphosate. This glyphosate-resistant crop allows farmers to eliminate the majority of herbicides in their fields without harming their crops.

Glyphosate can inhibit plant growth by inhibiting EPSP synase which is an enzyme involved in the production of amino acids and other chemicals that make up about 35% of plant mass. Genetic modification -- utilized, for instance, in Roundup Ready crops made by the biotech giant Monsanto which is headquartered in St Louis, Missouri -generally involves inserting genes into a plant's genome to increase the production of EPSP synthase. https://shop.daiyu8.co.jp/c/00200000000000000/00202000000000000/00202140000000000/4957919637055 Genes are typically derived from bacteria that infect the crops.

The additional EPSP synthase allows the plant to resist the effects of glyphosate. Biotechnology laboratories are attempting to utilize genes that come from plants instead of bacteria to increase EPSP synthase. This is due to the fact that the US law allows for regulatory approval to allow organisms with transgenes to be approved.

Few studies have tested whether transgenes such as those that confer resistance to glyphosate can -- once they get into weedy or wild relatives through cross-pollination -make plants more competitive for survival and reproduction. "The traditional expectation is that any sort of transgene will confer disadvantage in the wild in absence of any selection pressure because the additional machinery could decrease the fitness of the plant," says Norman Ellstrand, a plant geneticist at the University of California in Riverside.

https://www.kohnan-eshop.com/shop/g/g4957919634894/ But now a study led by Lu Baorong, an ecologist at Fudan University in Shanghai, challenges that view: it shows that the weedy form of the common rice crop, Oryza sativa is given an important boost in fitness due to resistance to glyphosate, even when glyphosate is not applied.

Lu and coworkers modified the cultivars of rice to improve its EPSP synthase. The modified rice was then crossed with a wild-type relative.

ラウンドアップ The researchers then allowed breeding offspring that were cross-bred with each other to produce second-generation hybrids. These were genetically identical, with the exception of the number and count of the EPSP synthase gene. The hybrids that had more copies of the gene were more likely to make more tryptophan as well as have more enzyme levels than their unmodified counterparts.

Researchers also found that transgenics had higher rates of flowering, more flowers and 48 to 125 percent more seeds per plant than nontransgenics.

Making weedy rice more competitive may increase the issues it creates for farmers across the globe whose plots are invaded by pests, Lu says.

https://www.zennoh.or.jp/eigi/research/pdf/gr334_06.pdf "If the EPSP-synthase genes are introduced into the wild rice plant, their genetic diversity, which is really essential to protect, could be threatened because the transgene's genotype will outcompete the normal species," Brian Ford-Lloyd an expert in plant genetics at the University of Birmingham, UK. "This is one the most evident examples of highly plausible harmful effects [of GM crops] on the environment."

The study also challenges the notion that genetically modified plants with extra copies of their own genes are safer than those containing the genes of microorganisms. Lu says that "our study is not proving that this is the case."

Researchers say the findings call for a rethinking of how genetically modified plants will be regulated in the near future. https://search.rakuten.co.jp/search/mall/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97/ Ellstrand believes that some believe that biosafety regulations could be relaxed given the past over two decades of genetic engineering. "But, the study showed that the new technologies still need to be evaluated with care."

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Here's my website: https://www.nissanchem.co.jp/news_release/news/n2020_01_23.pdf