Notes

Genetically modified crops can provide advantages over weeds

Wild plants could be resistant to herbicides.

Weedy rice is able to pick up transgenes from genetically modified crop rice by cross-pollinating. Credit: Xiao Yang
A technique of genetic modification widely used to create crops that are resistant to herbicides has been shown to give advantages to the weedy rice even in absence of the herbicide. The results indicate that such modification could have positive effects on wild rice varieties and crops.

Several types of crops have been genetically modified to be resistant to glyphosate, a herbicide that was first marketed under the trade name Roundup. The resistance to glyphosate enables farmers to eliminate herbicides, without causing damage to their crop.

Glyphosate blocks an enzyme called EPSP synthase which is responsible for the production of certain amino acid and various other molecules. It also can hinder the growth of plants. https://www.rakupronet.com/product.php?id=97 Genetic modification, such as the Roundup Ready crops manufactured by Monsanto in St. Louis, Missouri, involves inserting genes into the genetic code to boost EPSP production. The genes typically come from bacteria that has caused the infection of plants.

The addition of EPSP synase makes it possible for plants to counter the effects of glyphosate. Biotechnology labs have also tried to make use of genes from plants instead of bacteria to boost the production of EPSP synthase and, in turn, to take advantage of a loophole within US law that permits approval by regulators of organisms that have transgenes that are not made from bacterial pests.

A few studies have explored whether transgenes like those which confer glyphosate resistance can help plants compete in reproduction and survival once they're introduced to weedy or wild relatives through cross-pollination. Norman Ellstrand of the University of California, Riverside, explained that the standard assumption was that any transgene could confer disadvantage in nature if there was no selection pressure. This is because any extra machinery could reduce the fitness.

Lu Baorong, an ecologist from Fudan University in Shanghai has changed the way that he views this. He has discovered that glyphosate resistance provides a significant fitness lift to the weedy version of the popular rice plant Oryza sativa.

In their study, which was published this month in New Phytologist 1, Lu and his colleagues modified the genetics of the rice cultivar to enhance the species' own EPSP synthase. ラウンドアップ 原液 They also crossed-bred the modified rice with a weedy relative.

ラウンドアップ The team then allowed the offspring of cross-breeding to cross-breed to create second generation hybrids. https://www.kaunet.com/rakuraku/spook3/main?Keyword=%83%89%83E%83%93%83h%83A%83b%83v%83%7D%83b%83N%83X%83%8D%81%5B%83h&ShowList=1 They were genetically identical apart from the number of EPSP synthase genes they had. ラウンドアップ The hybrids that had more copies of the gene were more likely to make more tryptophan and have higher enzyme levels than the unmodified hybrids.

ラウンドアップ 時間 Researchers also found that transgenics had higher rates, had more flowers and 48-125percent more seeds/plant than nontransgenics.

Lu believes that making weedy aggressive rice more competitive could make it more difficult for farmers to recoup the damage caused by this insect.

Brian Ford-Lloyd (a UK plant geneticist) states that if the EPSP synthase genes are introduced into wild rice species, then their genetic diversity, which is so important to conserve could be at risk. ラウンドアップ The transgene could outcompete natural species. "This is among the most clear examples of highly plausible negative consequences (of GM crops on the environment."

The belief of the public that genetically modified crops that contain additional copies of their genes are safe is questioned by this study. Lu states that the study "shows that this is not always true".

ラウンドアップ Researchers say these findings should prompt an overhaul of how genetically modified plants will be controlled in the future. Ellstrand says that "some people now believe that biosafety regulation could be relaxed because we have an incredibly comfortable relationship with genetic engineering over the last two decades." "But the research shows that the new technologies require an unbiased assessment."


Website: https://search.yahoo.co.jp/video/search?rkf=2&ei=UTF-8&fr=wsr_gvu&p=%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%97