Notes

How did Roundup Ready or Roundup get their names?
What is Roundup Ready and what are Roundup-ready crops? Roundup Ready is the trademark term used to describe a variety of genetically modified plants that are intolerant to Roundup. These are the crops that are known as Roundup Ready.

ラウンドアップ Roundup Was it actually made up?
John Franz, Monsanto's chemist who first discovered Glyphosate as an herbicide in Roundup in 1970. In 1970, the vast majority of herbicides used in the agricultural field were pre-emergent. In other words, they were applied prior to the crops and weeds had emerged. Glyphosate's post-emergent action in tackling large amounts of broadleaf weeds and grass herbicides was very different. This, along with its extraordinary environmental properties (soil activation rapid decay, zero carryover , etc.) as well as toxicological characteristics (extremely safe for mammals and beneficial organisms) it created a new paradigm in the field of herbicides.

When was the time that Roundup first launched?
Roundup (r) was first introduced to the market in 1974. It is an herbicide for all kinds of plants that soon became a world leader. Roundup(r), originally, was used in ditches on railroads and in fields between the growth seasons. This helped farmers manage the grass and broadleaf wild plants from the soil. ラウンドアップ It also reduced the need to tillage and helped preserve the soil's structure.

The Roundup Ready GMOs followed.
Spurred by the incredible breakthroughs in Recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s, Monsanto scientists recognized the numerous advantages for farmers who benefited if Roundup(r) could be applied directly to growing crops to control weeds within their fields. ラウンドアップ A small group comprised of scientists (Rob Horsch, Steve Rogers and myself) under the direction of Dr. Ernie Jaworski, began working on this problem. The group developed the first method of introducing genetic to the plants in the early 1980s. We then focused our efforts on developing virus resistant crop varieties, insect-resistant, and Roundup-tolerant.

It was well-known that Roundup can block the biochemical pathway that plants use to make aromatic amino acids. Roundup's high level protection for humans and mammals is due to the fact that glyphosate has the ability to be rapidly broken down by soil microorganisms. Researchers from our lab had discovered plant and microbial genes to confer increased herbicide tolerance. Roundup Ready plants was accepted to be tested in the field by the USDA in 1987. This Roundup-resistant crop included genetically altered tomatoes which proved resistant to Roundup. After a few decades the Roundup Ready gene that would become the main trait of the Roundup Ready crop was discovered. It was then identified and then introduced into crops.

Let's look at soybeans to get an idea, by addressing the questions: what is Roundup Ready soybeans and how are Roundup Ready soybeans constructed? Roundup Ready soybeans are soybeans genetically engineered with their DNA changed so that they can withstand Roundup's herbicide, glyphosate. This soybean is intolerant to Roundup because every seed is equipped with the Roundup Ready gene infected before it is planted. Farmers can utilize Roundup Ready gene in their fields to spray without harming their crops.

https://pesticide.maff.go.jp/agricultural-chemicals/details/14360 Roundup Ready crops changed agriculture and agricultural science in the year 1996. Farmers quickly realised the advantages of Roundup resistance, and the adoption rate was quick (today more than 90% of U.S. soybean cotton, corn, and canola acres utilize biotech traits for herbicide tolerance). Roundup Ready crops were able to make it easier and more efficient for weed management systems. They also allowed for higher crop yields. ラウンドアップ Conservation tillage has brought an environmental impact that is significant. Farmers have cut down on their energy usage and emissions of GHGs by using smaller plowing. ラウンドアップ This preserves soil structure and helps to prevent erosion. This was equivalent to removing 28.4 billion kilograms of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere in 2013, or 12.4 million vehicles off roads for a year (Source: , PG Economics).
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