Notes

Genetically modified crops have advantages over weeds

The wild plants could have an herbicide resistance advantage.

Credit Xiao Yang
One common genetic-modification method employed to make crops resistant to herbicides was found to offer advantages over weedy forms of rice. The results indicate that such modifications could positively impact wild rice varieties as well as crops.

A variety of cultivars are genetically modified in order to resist the glyphosate. https://www.dtomarmaris.org/how-did-roundup-ready-roundup-come-to-be-2/ was initially offered under the trade name Roundup. ラウンドアップ can get rid of the weeds that grow in their fields with glyphosate and not harm their crops by having this resistance.

Glyphosate slows the growth of plants by blocking an enzyme known as EPSP synthase. This enzyme is involved in the creation of certain amino acids and other molecules that make up about 35% of a plant's mass. The genetic-modification technique is used for instance, in Roundup Ready plants made by Monsanto Biotechnology Inc., a biotech firm based out of St Louis, Missouri. It involves inserting genes into the genome of the crop to increase EPSP synthase synthase synthase production. Genes are typically obtained from bacteria that cause disease to the crops.

The plant is able to resist the adverse effects of glyphosate due to the extra EPSP synthase. Biotechnology labs have also attempted to utilize the genes of plants to boost EPSP-synthase levels, in part to exploit an American loophole that permits regulatory approval of transgenes which are not derived from bacterial pests.

Few studies have looked into whether transgenes, such as ones that confer resistance to glyphosate, could increase the resilience of plants in their survival and reproduction after they cross-pollinate with wild or weedy species. "The conventional belief is that any transgene can cause disadvantages in the wild in the absence of any selection pressure due to the fact that any additional machinery will reduce the fitness," says Norman Ellstrand, a plant geneticist at the University of California in Riverside.

Lu Baorong is an Ecologist in Fudan University Shanghai. His study shows that resistance to glyphosate provides a significant fitness benefit, even though it's not used.

Lu and his associates modified cultivated rice varieties to increase the production of EPSP synthase. They also crossed the modified rice with a weedy-related. Their work was published in NewPhytologist 1.

The researchers then allowed the breeding offspring from the cross to mix with one another, resulting in second-generation hybrids genetically identical with the exception of the number of copies of the gene that encodes EPSP synthase. It was expected that those who had more copies had higher enzyme levels and produced more amino acid tryptophan in comparison to their counterparts that were not modified.

Researchers also found that transgenic hybrids were more photogenic, had more seeds per plant, and produced 48 to 125 percent more seeds than the non-transgenic varieties.

ラウンドアップ claims that making weedy grains more competitive may increase the difficulties it causes to farmers all over the world whose crops are affected by the pest.

ラウンドアップ -Lloyd (a UK plant geneticist) claims that if the EPSP-synthase genes are introduced into wild rice species, their genetic diversity that is essential to protect could be threatened. https://www.asiunical.org/auto-draft-198/ could be more competitive than regular species. "This is one the most evident instances of extremely plausible negative effects of GM crops] upon the environment."

The research also challenges the idea that genetically modified crops containing extra copies of their genes are less risky than those that contain microorganisms' genes. Lu says that "our study is not proving this to be the case."

According to some researchers this research suggests that any future regulation for genetically engineered plants should be reconsidered. Ellstrand thinks that biosafety regulations may be relaxed because we benefit from a high degree of security from two decades of genetic engineering. The study does not prove that the new products are secure.


Website: https://www.trackometrix.com/in-the-months-before-summer-make-use-of-herbicides-that-contain-glyphosate-to-get-rid-of-the-growth-of-weeds/