Notes

If the Petro-Automotive Complex Take into account the Lithium Electric battery Revolution?
Lithium electric battery technology is at present focused on developing enhancements in a number of areas. The particular quest often requires implementing advances within nanotechnology and micro-structures. For example:

* Growing cycle life and performance (decreasing interior resistance and increasing output power) by simply changing the composition of the materials in the positive elektrode and cathode, together with increasing the particular effective surface area regarding the electrodes and changing materials employed in the electrolyte.
2. Improving capacity by simply improving the construction to incorporate extra active materials.
3. Improving the security of lithium-ion electric batteries.

We should see big advances throughout efficiency and power in the close to future. In 06, a team of scientists with MIT announced the process which makes use of viruses to create nano-sized wires. Place be used to build ultra-thin lithium-ion battery packs with three instances the normal vitality density. In 2009 a study in New Scientist claimed that will MIT had prevailed in producing the first full virus-based 3-volt lithium-ion battery. Later in 2009, technical engineers at the College or university of Dayton Exploration Institute developed the world's first solid-state, rechargeable lithium air flow battery which seemed to be designed to address typically the fire and huge increase risk of various other lithium rechargeable power packs and make way for progress large-size lithium rechargeables regarding a number involving industry applications, like hybrid and electrical cars!

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have quickly become the almost all widely utilized battery pack chemistry in all of us portable gadgets like as laptops, mobile phones, and PDAs. Because of high energy occurrence, the lightweight, in addition to the construction flexibility, Li-ion and Lion polymer batteries have replaced nickel chargeable batteries! All leading battery manufacturers have got introduced lastest Lion cells. Lithium-ion battery packs will power the hybrid and electrical car revolution. In addition to revolution is not too strong a word because of it.

The particular Energy Independence and Security Act toughened up fuel efficiency standards to thirty five mpg by 2020. Obama stiffened the criteria even more inside May, raising energy economy standards in order to 39 mpg intended for cars and 28 mpg for vehicles. The deadline seemed to be moved up several years to 2016. The new rules guarantee the lithium-ion battery will be the only approach car makers can satisfy the new requirements. Since an automobile battery pack requires 100 periods more lithium carbonate than a notebook computer battery, there is usually a should build considerable manufacturing facilities. The Energy Department only announced $8 million in low-cost money to Ford, Machine and Tesla to be able to build new battery factories. Metal Miner reports, "Johnson Handles and Saft associated with France are creating a battery production center in Michigan maintained $220 million of state aid. inches The government offers committed $25 billion dollars via the Advanced Technologies Vehicles Manufacturing Mortgage Program to foster the emerging Lithium Battery industry.

In the meantime, our new Prius is using typically the NiMH battery, plus the current state involving non-lithium battery technologies isn't bad! Typically the Prius uses some sort of Sealed Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery (Ni-MH, regarding short) with a new power output involving 28 horsepower (21 Kw) and 201. 6V Voltage. Right now there is another small auxiliary battery (12 Volts), which power the Prius personal computer. The Prius battery is designed in order to last the life span of the car. In accordance with Toyota, this is usually around 180, 000 Miles. The electric batteries can certainly be recycled. An index of the process can be found on Toyota's internet site. It has to be taken into account that typically the Prius traction battery packs are under warrantee for 8-10 decades or 100, 1000 miles, therefore will certainly be replaced free of charge before then in the case associated with failure. However, have to the battery are unsuccessful outside this time-line, the estimated cost of traction battery replacement is $3, 000. When quick acceleration is needed, the battery strength will "help" the gasoline engine, minimizing the consumption involving fuel during this kind of period. Our the new year Model II achievement over 50 miles per gallon and we still have under 2, 000 miles in it. We only love watching typically the mpg indicator are positioned between 60 in addition to 100 mpg if running on level road! 12v lithium battery is we have reduced our fuel expenditure by two thirds and more important, our carbon impact by two thirds!

From 2003 to be able to 2007 as Blackberry's and iPods erupted on the landscape, demand doubled regarding lithium carbonate, typically the refined form involving Lithium used inside batteries. Lithium's ultra-light weight and movements make it the perfect fuel for energizing small batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are lighter in weight, smaller and pack more power as compared to conventional batteries. Consequently they're perfect regarding cell phones and even laptops. And shortly will be for EV's!!

The present state of electrical auto development is only some sort of consumer test by the auto makers. They will drag their toes, wallowing in their ignorance, greed, and even arrogance until the particular general public shouts 'Enough! ' Global warming is a way larger long range problem compared to the petro/auto sectors narrow minded, brief term myopic target on stock earnings and their blatant insufficient concern regarding carbon emissions. The Federal government needs to be giving every client of hybrids and electrics an important 'Tax Credit' until the emissions problem is under control. Consumers need in order to be enticed to travel electric! The key car manufacturers will not give up on their particular brain washed open (which they created) until they have milked the 'SUV' plus 'PU' (pick up) cow dry! Is definitely OPEC the culprit? Not any! Its our Petro-Automotive Industrial complex!

Elaborate happening within the automobile industry with ahead looking companies?

2. Mercedes launches it is S400 HYBRID sedan early in 2010. E-Class, M-Class, plus GL-Class will end up being tailing it strongly.
* Tesla Engines has delivered the American-made Roadster, a great all-electric two-seater activities car and plans to debut the Model S sedan in 2011. The Tesla Roadster speeds up from 0-60 within 3. 9 seconds, attains speeds of up to 160 mph, and journeys over 200 mls about the same charge.
3. Nissan has retooled a factory inside Tennessee to develop 150, 000 real electric cars, referred to as The Leaf.
2. Ford is releasing the pure electric powered Transit Connect professional fleet van this season and plans obtain $550 million to be able to retool a Michigan truck plant to manufacture a pure electric Focus in 2011.
* Chinese car makers Hafei and Coda are planning in order to bring a mass-produced electric car in order to market in Ca in fall 2010.
* The THE CAR MINI-E provides you with just about all the fun and even nimble handling regarding its gas relative, but costs forty percent less to use a month. A evaluation fleet was introduced in the US this past May (2009).
* The Jeep Patriot SUV, Joker sports vehicle, four-door Offroad Wrangler and The chrysler minivan are theoretically pulling Chrysler straight into the electric auto race.
* Typically the Chevy Volt will be supposedly already within production and you will be obtainable in 2010. GM's rebirth as a new viable company might depend on the Volt! The Volt is usually powered by innovative Lithium Ion smart power packs with associated computer controls for cooling down and recharging.

Should OPEC be concerned? The Volt will cruise for about forty five miles without holding a drop associated with gas. The forty mile range is usually no coincidence. It is the average distance 74% of Americans vacation on the daily drive. After 40 kilometers, an on-board inside combustion engine regain battery the batteries. Is actually supposed to get 230 mpg in the particular city and provide typically the Volt a 640-mile range on one container. The Volt will certainly average 100 to 230 miles per gallon associated with gas.

What's taking place on the worldwide scene regarding the particular usage of Lithium for the production regarding batteries?
* Cina announced plans to be able to jack up manufacturing refined Lithium for use in batteries 461% by 2011.
* A good Australian company lately agreed to generate 17, 000 loads of this question substance in China's Jiangsu province.
2. The National government features earmarked an astonishing $25 billion, a growth associated with 6, 250 times over previous expenses, to develop refined supplies of this particular super-green fuel.
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