Notes

Looking Back On The particular Path Of The Literary Arts Within Sierra Leone
To start off examining the topic needs defining and knowing the key words. Of course the expression "looking back" indicates recollecting and exhibiting on which has eliminated on in past times plus in our certain case this is confined to what provides gone on in the past involving the literary martial arts scene in Montana Leone that is the former British colony in the Western coast of The african continent, surrounded by Guinea, Conakry and Liberia which became independent on 27th April 1961.

The phrase "ART" in The Oxford Dictionaries features been defined as follows:

1. The particular production of a thing beautiful, or the skill and capacity in such work.

two. Works such since paintings, sculptures developed by skill. Innovative activities such as paintings, theatre plus story or beautifully constructed wording writings.

3. Talent put on design, rendering or imaginative generation.

4. The aware utilization of skilled thoughts particularly in the production regarding aesthetic objects.

These kinds of then suggest of which the broad range of art covers music, cinema, photography, painting, theatre, party, literature and structure.

This article, for reasons of place, has been constrained to the literary arts. I am going to since the situation calls for be making driving references to various other aspects of the arts as we get along.

Literature itself is a main art. It will be obviously the better material of theatre and frequently of boogie, also ballet. This is also relevant to those performing martial arts in the feeling that it likewise recaptures the spectacular representation of activity or slices of life, albeit through the written mode. Nevertheless depending on typically the skill from the display such representation resonates with life nearly as if that were a remarkable recreation or even the very genuine situation itself. This also captures wht is the visual arts record through not your brush of an artist or maybe the camera associated with the photographer yet through its presentation through a meticulously selected arranged collection of words, which convey a vivid and accurate graphic of that image.

Through words in that case, a literary copy writer recaptures the visual images of your painter or photographer in the written function. Through the reader's skills in unraveling the mental images, unveiling of typically the symbols hidden behind language through mental images, he becomes the visual rendering of reality that will words carry. The particular rhythm is almost all prominent in beautifully constructed wording, particularly in drama. This will not suggest that rhythm can not be discovered in novels and short stories. Many of us all know how deep an ingredient, music and boogie is in African theatre which the late Dele Charley, John Kolosa Kargbo, Yulisa Amadu Maddy, Raymond Sobre Souza-George and Charley Haffner, often give an example of inside their performances.

My partner and i intend to look in the literary scene as it was before independence throughout 1961. Literature has been then seen generally through the moderate of newspapers associated with which the popular Macizo Leone Weekly Media was the most significant. It was almost like a literary journal, though printed in the type of a paper. Sawyer's Bookshop with Water Street likewise played a vital role as not necessarily only making broad selections of literary works from the particular Western world available, yet in also creating small pamphlets and even little books by time to period.

At that period clubs flourished and even many of these experienced literary activities while part of their very own program. Clubs like the City Fictional Institute and Greenfield Club organized classes and dramatic shows. The Greenfield Club was aimed specifically at promoting literary activities. The Weird Society (a Multiracial group) organized regular "mind-uplifting concerts. Nevertheless many of these clubs were quick lived. Based on traditional analysts it was due to the vast majority of Krios losing interest in self-improvement and disunity within the ranks of the upper level of Freetown society. This particular was limited to some hundred folks from whose rates lots of the other clubs drew their regular membership. On this sort associated with close-knitted society, personal disagreements were quickly brought into these societies thus disrupting their harmony and even causing their breakup.

It could next be deduced of which literary activities in that case were more or perhaps less of an academic and philosophical or religious character. Seldom were real literary efforts exhibited. Such a scenario has been used in the manufacturing of books. Many of the books have been associated with textbooks or even dissertations. One associated with the first written works by a SerranÃa Leonean in 1865 reflected this concern. It was the function of the hospital James Africanus Horton on West Photography equipment Political Economy regarding British West Cameras. His second publication three years afterwards in 1868 seemed to be West African Countries and the ones, British in addition to Native. This has been like a lot of the some other works published in London. There is also A. W. C. Sibthorpe's breathtaking historical work upon Freetown.

Few innovative works during this kind of period were produced by creative writers just like Adelaide Casely-Hayford plus Gladys Casely-Hayford. Gladys Casely-Hayford was possibly the best-known from this period. Some of her poems and stories have made an appearance in American plus British publications plus are still been a part of recent anthologies compiled in typically the West. One regarding her poems which in turn she published within a small guide of poetry, Consider Am So in Freetown in 1948 is written in the country's lingua franca, krio.

Additional info . Adelaide Casely-Hayford (nee Smith) published stories following the particular traditions of Ghanaian writers like Efua Sutherland and Se?ora Ata Aidoo. Typically the most popular of the is "Mister Courifer" which is part of Paul Geoffrey Edward's anthology for schools that was widely employed in Freetown schools in the early on 60s., West African Narrative This problem for culture is usually even seen throughout her work inside the educational discipline. According to vem som st?r, Akintola Wyse, right after studying in England and Germany in addition to returning home the lady was so appalled by the system of education for women that she focused her whole existence to introducing a system that offered an important location to African traditions, arts and projects amongst others.

Another poet published in that period was Crispin George whose variety of poems titled Precious Gems was posted by a nicely known vanity publishing outlet, Arthur Stockwell in 1952.

A most important title in Sierra Leone Literature is the broadcaster Thomas Decker. His importance will be not only because he spans both the particular colonial and independence periods, but due to the fact his pioneering work in propagating typically the wider use of Krio for literary reasons was what created the flowering of Krio plays increased by Dele Charley, Raymond De Souza George, Esther Taylor-Pearce, Lawrence Kweku-Woode between many others. He could be seen as the principal poet in Krio onto the core 50's. Many of them were released within the mid 60's within the Sierra Leone Language Review plus Sierra Leone Studies. He also came up out with Krio adaptations of Shakespeare's plays like Julius Caesar.

It will be difficult to bank account for all regarding the creative gets results published then while many appeared throughout varying media, papers, magazines and periodicals locally as well as abroad.

Abioseh Nicol's short testimonies had achieved well known internationally, appearing within British Literary periodicals and anthologies. A few of these produced portion of his two recognized short story collections Two African Tales and The Truly Married Woman and other Stories all published by Cambridge University Hit.

This colonial period was marked simply by little publication involving creative works inside book form. Using the onset regarding independence and the particular publication of Robert Wellesley Cole's autobiographical work Kossoh Community Boy by Cambridge University Press considerably more works in guide form were released.

The plays of Raymond Sarif Easmon. Dear Parent and even Ogre, The brand new Patriot and his fresh The Burnt Out and about Marriage profited out of this.

Dr. William Conton's work, The Photography equipment was a cutting-edge for your Sierra Leone novel. It seemed to be almost like our very own. Things Fall Aside. Like Things Fall Aside, The African has been first published in London. American editions came out the same season. It was published within 1960 with an additional edition following the year after. That was reprinted in the uk in 1964. Translations of it have got been made into Arabic, Hungarian and European. EkundayoRowe also experienced his number of testimonies. No Seed For The Soil, self- published in reserve form.

Later, fresh names like Yulisa Amadu Maddy, Muctarr Mustapha, Wilfred The beauty, Delphine King and even Syl Cheney-Coker just about all broke out straight into print in various forms.

From the particular 70's onwards considerably more new writers appeared. Yema Lucilda Hunter's novel Road in order to Freedom was posted in Nigeria by simply a Sierra Leonean publishing outfit, Africa Universities Press The. U. P. She has recently published another novel titled Bitter Sweet. Prince Dowu Palmer's novel Typically the Mocking Stones had been published by Longmans in 1982 within their Drumbeat sequence. The same publisher had a yr earlier published Raymond Sarif Easmon's Typically the Feud and various other stories. This period is in addition characterized by typically the aggressive promotion involving Macmillan publishers within Sierra Leone. They have already three novels coming from Sierra Leone within their Pacesetter series. This consists of two young copy writers, the journalist in addition to teacher Edison Yongai who came outwith Who killed Mohta and the insurance plan manager, OsmanConteh, along with Double Trouble. Through abroad also reports with the publication involving Yayah Swarray's plays was received. The worksinclude 'De Wol Do for Fraide. ' Other freelance writers, notably, Talabi Aisie Lucan, Melville Stuart, Marilyn Awoonor- Renner, Winston Forde in addition to Clifford N. Fyfe channeled their imaginative energies into making children's literature many of that have been printed by Evans.

Right after independence some magazines and other mags of schools, universities and churches transported limited quantity associated with creative writing. The Sierra Leone Transmissions Service which was then inside the innovative hands with the overdue John Akar, a writer himself, presented much outlet regarding creativity, whether fictional, or performing. SLBS indeed gave importance to artists like Ebenezer Calendar, Allie Ganda and the Rokel River Young boys. There is also a new regular short story program in a few radio programming quarter. This featured the particular short stories of young as well as older Montana Leoneans including two stories of quarry. In addition, there were book review programs. The children's 1 / 2 hour programs inside English as effectively as the nationwide languages were possibilities for that airing in addition to dissemination of typically the rich folklore regarding the country. Certainly many of all of us who had no grandmother at residence spinning such abundant and interesting yarns for people, the account telling line on SLBS indeed packed in a yawning gap in each of our social and ethnical education.

With freedom also there were many newspapers which include the Daily Mail which was in that case a truly day-to-day paper that presented much space to creative writing, small stories in addition to stories for children inside the children's corner. There was also regular magazines of book evaluations as well because some attention offered to other creative activities such since dramatic performances and even musical concerts.

Nevertheless unfortunately today typically the literary arts not any longer receives since much attention since before in typically the press. The pressmen themselves complain of paucity of space which limits their publication to just political social and economic news. The Daily Mailitself had dropped to an in history low in which in turn it might no more time be safely called a weekly or perhaps bi-weekly. It too is in serious shortage of space. Nevertheless today it includes finally gone silent. The New Citizen provides some space towards the serialized stories associated with it's Managing Director and proprietor, We. B. Kargbo.

Some sort of commendable trend started in the 70's with the interest shown with a Swedish Linguist Nevillle Shrimpton in the emerging plays in krio of young in addition to older playwrights. Thomas Decker's interpretation of Julius Caesar was happily one of the plays he published. Furthermore published in the Shrimpton series have been Lawrence Kweku Woode's (God passing Konsibul) Raymond Para Souza George's (Bohbohlef) Dele Charley's (Fatmata, Petikot Korner) and even Esther Taylor Pearce's (Bad Man Pippo Emti Os).

Right now there were occasional advancements when Sierra Leonean young writers were published in periodicals and magazines abroad. A notable channel outside which included short stories regularly was WEST THE AFRICAN CONTINENT Magazine. Stories of younger writers just like Peter Karefa-Smart plus Brima Rogers have got appeared there. A different of Rogers' reports was broadcast within the BBC's Short History programme on World Service. And a new lady writer gained the short history competition organized by simply the BBC Photography equipment Service accompanied by Mohamed Sheriff who has in addition won several playwrighting contests organized by the B. B. C. His / her name appears to be one particular to be observed as he offers demonstrated consistently solid indications of promise. He has published 3 works already including a play, Sorie Clever, another have fun with The Crook as well as the Fools and the novella titled Magic formula Fear, which has been co-winner in the ECOWAS prize for quality in literature. Macmillan Publishers published this in the McTracks series in 97.

Arthur Edgar Elizabeth. Smith was born and schooled in Freetown, Sierra Leone.. They have taught British since 1977 at Emporer of Wales Institution and, Milton Margai College of Education and learning. and it is now in Fourah Bay School where he has gone up to the ranking of Senior Lecturer, lecturing English, Literary works, as well since Creative Writing regarding the past eight years.

Mr Johnson is widely released both locally along with internationally with their writings appearing inside local newspapers just as well as inside West Africa Publication, Index on Censorship, Concentrate on Library in addition to Information Work amongst others.

He has been one of 17 global visitors who participated in a seminar about contemporary American Books sponsored by the U. S. State Department from 06 to August 2006. His growing ideas and reflections on this trip which in turn took him to several US sights plus sounds in Louisville, San Francisco, Cincinnati and Washington G. C. could be read at lisnews. org.

His additional publications include: Folktales from Freetown, Langston Hughes: Life in addition to Works Celebrating Black Dignity, and 'The Struggle of the Book. '
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