Notes

Well being Effects of EMF Radiation
The radiation RF-EMF causes DNA damage, tissue heating and can disrupt the blood-brain-barrier. These effects are real, and ARPANSA is actively engaged in discussions with EHS communities, medical experts as well as researchers. The agency will continue to study research related to the health effects caused by EMF radiation.

RF-EMF damages DNA
Exposure to man-made electromagnetic fields (EMFs) is associated with DNA damage as well as adverse health effects. EMFs can alter the intracellular ionic concentrations that are vital to maintain the balance of electrochemical activity in cells. This can alter the balance of cell metabolism, resulting damages to the DNA. Additionally exposure to EMFs is also linked to an increase in the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Learn here to radiation from RF-EMF has been linked with alterations in the male germ cell's development. This results in the transformation of germ cells into spermatozoa, as well maturation of the functional aspect as spermatozoa travel across the epididymis. To investigate the effects of RF-EMF on male germ cells, a specially-built waveguide device was developed to expose non-restrained mice to RF-EME at 2.2 W/kg.

In a study that was conducted recently, researchers discovered exposure to RF-EME causes an oxidative DNA damage to spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation was increased by 18% after a week of treatment, and by 23% after five weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG).


However, RF-EMF radiation is not yet considered to be a carcinogen. However, numerous studies have revealed that exposure to RF-EMF radiation can damage the integrity of DNA in variety of cell types. In one study, scientists exposed Vero cell lines to EMF that was 100Hz, for 45 minutes. They assessed DNA damage for within 48 hours of exposure to determine whether the exposure affected DNA integrity.

The effect of RF-EMF on tissue heating
While the effects of RF-EMF are usually believed as thermal in nature, a few studies have revealed that non-thermal influences are also observed. These may be the reason for some of the unsolved issues in epidemiological studies on EMF hypersensitivity. Therefore, it is important to consider the non-thermal effects when conducting a systematic review.

The non-thermal effects of RF-EMF may be mediated by the cell membrane. This is an area which has already been thoroughly studied. Particularly, the electrochemical behavior of cell membranes has been studied. The current understanding is that RF-EMF energy higher than 1 MHz is transferred to the tissue via dielectric dissipation and ionic discharge. Studies of the theory have suggested that the energy that is transferred to tissues could be up to 200 kV/m.

The electric properties of tissue are regulated through the distribution and composition of water molecules and other molecules in the body. This determines how absorbed EMR RF is by various tissues. Tissues with higher conductivity tend to absorb more of the field and cause more of an effect. This is the reason the degree of heat generated by tissue does not increase steadily as it moves from the exterior to, but occurs in hot areas. Bone and fatty tissues are less susceptible to RF heating than other tissues because they are low in water content.

The extent of penetration of the electromagnetic field is determined by the frequency and strength of the field. Muscle tissue is more able to absorb field radiation than most tissues, and converts it to heat more effectively. Usually, the depth of penetration that RFEMF has is measured in millimeters (mm). The higher the frequency, the deeper the penetration.

RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption
Researchers have found that RF-EMF can alter the blood-brain-barrier which can alter sleep patterns and neurotransmitter levels. Additionally, the effects of EMF on brain activity have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders. For instance, EMF from mobile phones could affect the electroencephalogram's activity and sleep patterns, and the activity of nitric oxide and xanthin oxide.

Researchers at Vienna University have studied the effects of RF-EMF exposure to brain cells. They also looked at how ELF EMF on nervous system. Although the cellular mechanisms aren't completely understood however, there is an obvious association between ELF-EMF exposure and depletion of myelin. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. Fortunately, there are some tested methods to regenerate myelin within the brain.

Researchers have found that exposure to 900 Mhz EMF enhanced the permeability of BBB and raised symptoms of neuronal damage in rodents. They also observed an increase in the release of neuronal albumin. Additionally, they observed the following: after about 30 min of 900 MHz exposure 99mTcMIBI increased its permeation into the brain. However, this effect did not occur when using Evans blue-based injections.

However, RF-EMF does not have a clear mechanism to disrupt the BBB. The evidence suggests that nonthermal EMF exposure can increase erythrocyte membrane permeability. This could affect the BBB and also increase the efflux of calcium-ion. Additionally, the presence of a 99mTcMIBI radiotracer inside the brain has also been linked to increasing the permeability of the BBB.

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