Notes

Well being Effects of EMF Radiation
The radiation from RF-EMF can cause damage to DNA, increase the temperature of tissues, and disrupt the blood-brain barrier. These effects are real and ARPANSA is actively engaged in discussions with EHS communities, medical specialists as well as researchers. ARPANSA will continue study research related to the health effects caused by EMF radiation.

RF-EMF damages DNA
The exposure to electromagnetic fields created by humans (EMFs) are associated with DNA damage as well as negative health consequences. EMFs can affect the intracellular ionic levels that are essential to ensure the balance of electrochemical activity in cells. It can also disrupt cell homeostasis, resulting to DNA destruction. Moreover, exposure to EMFs is also associated with an increase in the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Exposure to RF-EMF radiation has been associated with changes in the male germ cell's development. This results in the differentiation of the germ cell into spermatozoa, aswell as functional maturation as the spermatozoa travel through the epididymis. To study the effects of RF-EMF on male germ cell development A specially designed waveguide device was developed for the purpose of exposing unrestrained mice to RF-EME at 2.2 W/kg.

In a recent study, researchers have discovered that exposure to RF-EME caused an oxidative DNA injury in the spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation increased by 18% following an entire week of treatment and by 23% after 5 weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG).

However, the RF-EMF radiation has not yet been recognized as a true carcinogen. But, several studies have found that exposure to RF-EMF can affect the integrity of DNA in range of cell lines. In one study scientists were exposed Vero cells with an EMF of 100 Hz for 45 minutes. They assessed DNA damage for within 48 hours of exposure to determine whether the exposure affected the integrity of DNA.

The effect of RF-EMF on tissue heating
Although the effects of RF-EMF are typically considered to be thermal, some studies have demonstrated that non-thermal effects are also observed. These may be the reason for certain of the unsolved findings in the epidemiological study of EMF hypersensitivity. Therefore, it is important to take into account non-thermal effects when conducting a systematic review.

The non-thermal effects that RF-EMF can have may occur at the cell membrane. This is an area which has already been thoroughly examined. In particular the electrochemical properties of cell membranes is being studied. Current understanding suggests that RF-EMF energy that exceeds 1 MHz is transferred to the tissue through dielectric as well as the dissipation of ions. Studies of the theory have suggested that the energy that is transferred to tissues could be as high as 200 kV/m.

The electric properties of tissue are regulated by the composition and distribution of water molecules, ions, and other substances in the body. This determines how absorbent RF EMR is by different tissues. The tissues with the highest conductivity tend to absorb more of the EMR field and produce more of an impact. is electromagnetic sensitivity real is why the degree of tissue heating doesn't increase continuously from outside to inside, but occurs in hot areas. Bone and fatty tissue are less prone to RF heating as compared to other tissues, since they have a low water content.

The extent of penetration of electromagnetic fields depends on the strength and frequency of the field. Muscle tissue is more able to absorb field energy than other tissues and converts it into heat more efficiently. Typically the depth of penetration for RF EMF is determined by millimeters (mm). However, the higher the frequency, the deeper the penetration.

RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption
Researchers have discovered that RF EMF can alter the blood-brain-barrier change sleep patterns as well as neurotransmitter levels. Additionally to this, the effects on the effects of EMF in brain activities are linked to neurodegenerative diseases. For example, EMF from mobile phones could affect the electroencephalogram's activity and sleep patterns, in addition to the activity of nitric oxide and xanthin oxidase.


Researchers at Vienna University have studied the effects of RF-EMF exposure to brain cells. They also examined what effects ELF EMF on the brain system. Though the cellular mechanisms that play a role are not fully comprehended but there is a clear connection between exposure to ELF-EMF and depletion of myelin. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. There are, however, proven methods for regenerating myelin in the brain.

Researchers have discovered that exposure to the frequency of 900 Mhz EMF increased the permeability of the BBB and increased symptoms of neuronal damage in rats. They also observed increased extravasation of albumin into neurons. Additionally, they observed the following: after 30 mins of exposure to 900 MHz, 99mTc-MIBI increased its penetration to the cerebral cortex. But this effect did not happen with Evans blue injections.

However, RF-EMF has no clear mechanism to disrupt the BBB. Evidence suggests that non-thermal EMF exposure may increase erythrocyte cell membrane permeability. This could alter the BBB and also increase the efflux of calcium ions. Furthermore, the presence a 99mTcMIBI radiotracer inside the brain has been connected to increased permeability and permeability of the BBB.

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