Notes

Health Effects of EMF Radiation
RF-EMF radiation can cause damaged DNA, heat to the tissues and can disrupt the blood-brain-barrier. These effects are real, and ARPANSA is actively engaged in discussions with EHS community, medical specialists, and researchers. The agency will continue to review research on the health effects of EMF radiation.

DNA damage is caused by RF-EMF
The exposure to electromagnetic fields created by humans (EMFs) can cause DNA damage, as well as other adverse health consequences. EMFs can alter the intracellular ionic concentrations that are crucial to maintain the balance of electrochemical activity in cells. In turn, this can disrupt cell homeostasis, resulting to DNA damage. Furthermore exposure to EMFs can also trigger an increase in the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

The exposure to radiation from RF-EMF has been linked with alterations in male germ cells' development. This involves the development of germ cells into spermatozoa as well as functional maturation as the spermatozoa travel across the epididymis. To study the effects of RF-EMF on male germ cells, a specifically-designed waveguide machine was designed to expose non-restrained mice to RF-EME with a dose of 2.2 W/kg.

In a recent study, researchers discovered exposure to RF-EME causes an oxidative DNA damage to spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation increased by 18% following one week of treatment and by 23% after 5 weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG).

Despite this, RF-EMF radiation is not yet considered a carcinogen. However, numerous studies have found that exposure to RF-EMF can affect DNA integrity in a range of cell types. In is electromagnetic sensitivity real of these studies researchers subjected Vero cells with an EMF of 100 Hz for about 45 minutes. They measured DNA damage at 48 hours following exposure to determine if the exposure affected the integrity of DNA.

RF-EMF causes tissue heating
While the effects of RF-EMF are usually thought to be thermal, some studies have revealed that non-thermal influences are also evident. These may be the reason for certain of the unsolved findings in epidemiological studies of EMF hypersensitivity. This is why it is crucial to consider the non-thermal effects when conducting systematic reviews.

Non-thermal effects from RF-EMF may occur at the cell membrane. This is a field which has already been extensively examined. Particularly the electrochemical properties of cell membranes has been investigated. It is believed that energy generated by RF-EMF greater than 1 MHz is transmitted into the tissues through dielectric dissipation and ionic discharge. Previous theoretical analyses indicated that the energy transfer to tissues could be as high as 200 kV/m.

The electric properties of tissue are regulated in the form and quantity of water molecules and ions, and other molecules within the body. This determines how well absorbed EMR RF is by various tissues. Tissues with higher conductivity tend to absorb more of the field and cause more of an impact. This is the reason why the amount of heat generated by tissue is not constant from outside to inside the body however, it is more prevalent in hot spots. Bone and fatty tissue are less susceptible to heating by RF than other tissues because they are low in water content.

The intensity of penetration of the electromagnetic field depends on the strength and frequency of field. Muscle tissue is more able to absorb field radiation than most tissues and converts it into heat more efficiently. Usually the depth of penetration for RF EMF is determined as millimeters (mm). But, the greater the frequency, the deeper the penetration.


RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption
Researchers have found that RF-EMF could disrupt the blood-brain barrier, altering sleep patterns and neurotransmitter levels. Furthermore, the effects on the effects of EMF in brain activities have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders. For example, EMF from mobile phones can alter electroencephalogram activity as well as sleep patterns, in addition to the activity of nitric oxide and xanthin oxidase.

Researchers at Vienna University have studied the effects of exposure to RF EMF on brain cells. They also examined how ELF EMF on the brain system. Though the cellular mechanisms involved are not completely known however, there is an obvious connection between exposure to ELF-EMF and depletion of myelin. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. There are, however, known methods to regenerate myelin within the brain.

Researchers have found that exposure to the frequency of 900 millimeters EMF increased the permeability of BBB and raised symptoms of neuronal damage in rats. They also observed an increase in the release of albumin into neurons. Furthermore, they discovered that after 30 minutes of exposure at 900 MHz 99mTc-MIBI accelerated its permeation in the cortex. But, this effect did not occur with Evans blue injections.

Despite these findings, RF-EMF is not able to provide a definitive method for disrupting the BBB. Research suggests that EMF exposure may increase erythrocyte cell membrane permeability, which could influence the BBB and enhance calcium ion efflux. Additionally, the presence of a 99mTc-MIBI radiotracer in the brain is also associated with an increase in the permeability and permeability of the BBB.

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