Notes

Well being Effects of EMF Radiation
The radiation from RF-EMF can cause DNA damage, tissue heating and even disrupt the blood-brain barrier. These are real-world effects, and ARPANSA is actively involved with the EHS group, the medical specialists, and researchers. ARPANSA will continue to review research on the health impacts of EMF radiation.

RF-EMF damages DNA
The exposure to electromagnetic fields created by humans (EMFs) can cause DNA damage, as well as other negative health adverse effects. EMFs can alter intracellular ionic concentrations, which are vital to maintain a cell's electrochemical balance. In turn, this can alter the balance of cell metabolism, resulting to DNA damage. Moreover exposure to EMFs is also associated with an overproduction of free radicals as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS).


emf sensitivity symptoms to RF-EMF radiation has been linked to changes in the male germ cell's development. This results in the transformation of germ cells into spermatozoa, as well functioning maturation when the spermatozoa pass across the epididymis. To study the effect of RF-EMF exposure on the development of male germ cells, a specially-built waveguide device was developed to expose non-restrained mice to RF-EMF at 2.2 W/kg.

In a recent study, researchers found exposure to RF-EME causes the oxidation of DNA in the spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation increased by 18% after a week of treatment, and by 23% after 5 weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG).

Despite this the fact that RF-EMF radiation isn't yet recognized as a true carcinogen. However, several studies have shown that RF-EMF exposure can impair DNA health in range of cell varieties. In one study, scientists subjected Vero cells to an EMF of 100 Hz for 45 minutes. They measured DNA damage within 48 hours of exposure to determine if exposure affected the integrity of DNA.

The effect of RF-EMF on tissue heating
Although the effects of RF-EMF are typically believed as thermal in nature, some studies have revealed that non-thermal influences are also present. These factors could be responsible for some of the unresolved observations in epidemiological studies of EMF hypersensitivity. Therefore, it is important to consider the non-thermal effects when conducting a systematic review.

The non-thermal effects of RF-EMF may be mediated by the cell membrane. This is an area of research that has been thoroughly studied. In particular the electrochemical behavior of cell membranes is being studied. The current understanding is that energy generated by RF-EMF greater than 1 MHz is transferred into the tissues through dielectric and ionic dissipation. Previous theoretical analyses indicated that the energy that is transferred to the tissue could be as high as 200 kV/m.

The electric properties of tissue are regulated by the composition and distribution of water molecules, ions and other molecules within the body. This determines how absorbent RF EMR is by different tissues. Tissues with higher conductivity tend to absorb more EMR field and produce more of an effect. This is why the level of tissue heating does not increase steadily as it moves from the exterior to, but occurs in hot areas. Bone and fatty tissue are less prone to RF heating than other tissues because they have a low water content.

The extent of the field's penetration is determined by the strength and frequency of field. Muscle tissue absorbs more field radiation than most tissues and transforms it into heat more effectively. Typically, the depth of penetration for RF EMF is determined by millimeters (mm). But, the greater the frequency, the more shallow the penetration.

RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption
Researchers have found that RF EMF could disrupt the blood-brain barrier changing sleep patterns as well as neurotransmitter levels. Furthermore to this, the effects of EMF on brain activity are linked to neurodegenerative disorders. For example, EMF from mobile phones can alter electroencephalogram activity as well as sleep patterns, as well as the activities of nitric oxide and xanthin oxidase.

Researchers at the Vienna University have studied the effects of exposure to RF EMF to brain cells. They also examined what effects ELF EMF on nervous system. Though the cellular mechanisms involved are not completely comprehended but there is a clear connection between exposure to ELF-EMF and depletion of myelin. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. There are, however, tested methods to regenerate myelin in the brain.

Researchers have found that exposure to 900 Mhz EMF enhanced the permeability of BBB and increased signs of neuronal damage in rodents. They also observed an increase in the release of albumin to neurons. Further, they found the following: after about 30 min of exposure to 900 MHz 99mTc-MIBI accelerated its diffusion to the cerebral cortex. However, this effect did not happen with Evans blue-based injections.

However, RF-EMF is not able to provide a definitive method for disrupting the BBB. Research suggests that EMF exposure increases erythrocyte membrane permeability, which may influence the BBB and increase the efflux of calcium ions. Additionally, the presence of a 99mTcMIBI radiotracer inside the brain has been linked to an increase in the permeability of BBB.

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