Notes

Well being Effects of EMF Radiation
The radiation from RF-EMF can cause damage to DNA, increase the temperature of tissues, and disrupt the blood brain barrier. These are real-world effects, and ARPANSA is actively involved in discussions with EHS communities, medical experts as well as researchers. The agency will continue to review research on the health effects caused by EMF radiation.

RF-EMF causes DNA damage
Exposure to man-made electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are associated with DNA damage, as well as other adverse health adverse effects. EMFs can disrupt the intracellular ionic levels, which are crucial to maintain a cell's electrochemical balance. In turn, this can cause disruption to cell homeostasis and result to DNA destruction. Additionally exposure to EMFs is also associated with an increase in the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Exposure to RF-EMF radiation has been linked with alterations in the male germ cell's development. This involves the development of germ cells into spermatozoa, as well functioning maturation as spermatozoa travel across the epididymis. To investigate the effects of RF-EMF on male germ cells A specially designed waveguide machine was designed to expose mice without restriction to RF-EMF at 2.2 W/kg.


In a recent study researchers found that exposure to RF EME caused the oxidative DNA damage of spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation was increased by 18% after an entire week of treatment and by 23% after five weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG).

Despite this, the RF-EMF radiation has not yet been recognized as a true carcinogen. However, numerous studies have shown that exposure to RF-EMF can affect the integrity of DNA in variety of cell types. In one such study, scientists exposed Vero cells with an EMF that was 100Hz, for about 45 minutes. They measured DNA damage 48 hours after exposure to determine if exposure affected DNA integrity.

The RF-EMF effect causes the heating of tissues
While the effects of RF-EMF are generally considered to be thermal, some studies have revealed that non-thermal effects may also be evident. These factors could be responsible for certain of the unsolved findings in epidemiological studies on EMF hypersensitivity. This is why it is crucial to look at the non-thermal aspects when conducting a systematic review.

The non-thermal effects of RF-EMF could occur at the cell membrane. This is a field where research has been extensively investigated. Particularly the electrochemical behavior of cell membranes has been studied. Current understanding suggests that energy from RF-EMF greater than 1 MHz is transferred to tissue through dielectric and ionic dissipation. Previous theoretical analyses indicated that the energy that is transferred to tissues could be up to 200 kV/m.

The electrical properties of tissues are regulated through the distribution and composition of water molecules and other substances in the body. This determines how absorbent RF EMR is by different tissues. Tissues with higher conductivity tend to absorb more field, and thus cause more of an impact. Great post to read is why the degree of heating in tissues does not increase steadily between the outside and inside the body and is only noticeable in hot spots. Bone and fatty tissues are less susceptible to RF heating as compared to other tissues, since they have a low water content.

The depth of penetration of electromagnetic fields depends on the strength and frequency of field. Muscle tissue absorbs more radiation than most tissues and transforms it into heat more efficiently. Typically the penetration depth for RF EMF is determined by millimeters (mm). The greater the frequency, the deeper the penetration.

RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption
Researchers have discovered that RF-EMF could disrupt the blood-brain barrier, altering sleep patterns and neurotransmitter levels. Additionally the impacts on the effects of EMF on brain activity are linked to neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, EMF from mobile phones can alter electroencephalogram activity as well as sleep patterns, in addition to the activities of nitric oxide and xanthin oxide.

Researchers from the Vienna University have studied the effects of exposure to RF-EMF in brain cells. They also looked at the effects of ELF EMF on nervous system. Although the cellular mechanisms that play a role are not fully understood but there is a clear relationship between exposure to ELF EMF and depletion of myelin. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. Fortunately, there are some tested methods to regenerate myelin in the brain.

Researchers have observed that exposure to 900 Mhz EMF increased the permeability of the BBB and increased symptoms of neuronal damage in rodents. They also observed an increase in the extravasation of neuronal albumin. Additionally, they observed the following: after 30 mins of 900 MHz exposure, 99mTc-MIBI increased its penetration into the brain. But this effect didn't occur with Evans blue injections.

Despite these findings, RF-EMF does not have a clear mechanism to disrupt the BBB. The evidence suggests that nonthermal EMF exposure increases erythrocyte membrane permeability, which could influence the BBB and enhance the efflux of calcium-ion. Additionally, the presence of a 99mTc-MIBI radiotracer in the brain has also been connected to increased permeability of the BBB.

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