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Health and fitness Effects of EMF Radiation
The radiation RF-EMF causes damage to DNA, heat up of tissues and even disrupt the blood-brain barrier. These effects are real, and ARPANSA is actively involved with the EHS communities, medical experts as well as researchers. ARPANSA will continue examine research regarding the health effects caused by EMF radiation.

RF-EMF can cause DNA damage
Exposed to man-made electromagnetic fields (EMFs) is associated with DNA damage as well as negative health effects. EMFs can affect intracellular ionic concentrations, which are essential to ensure the electrochemical balance of cells. It can also cause disruption to cell homeostasis and result to DNA destruction. Moreover, exposure to EMFs is also associated with an increase in the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Exposure to RF-EMF radiation has been linked with alterations in male germ cell development. This is due to the transformation of germ cells into spermatozoa, aswell functional maturation when the spermatozoa pass across the epididymis. To study the effect of RF-EMF exposure on the development of male germ cells A specially designed waveguide machine was designed to expose mice that were not restrained to RF-EME with a dose of 2.2 W/kg.

In a recent study, researchers discovered that exposure to RF-EME causes the oxidative DNA damage of the spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation increased by 18% after a week of treatment, and by 23 percent after 5 weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG).

However, the radiation emitted by RF-EMF isn't yet recognized as a true carcinogen. However, numerous studies have revealed that exposure to RF-EMF radiation can damage DNA health in range of cell types. In one such study, scientists were exposed Vero cells to an EMF at 100 Hz over about 45 minutes. They assessed DNA damage for within 48 hours of exposure to determine if the exposure affected DNA integrity.

RF-EMF causes tissue heating
Although the effects of RF-EMF are typically believed to have thermal origins, a few studies have revealed that non-thermal effects are also observed. These factors could be responsible for some of the unresolved observations in epidemiological studies on EMF hypersensitivity. Therefore, it is important to take into account non-thermal effects when conducting a systematic review.

The non-thermal effects of RF-EMF may be felt at the cell's membrane. This is a field of research that has been thoroughly investigated. Particularly the electrochemical behavior of cell membranes is being studied. It is believed that energy from RF-EMF that exceeds 1 MHz is transmitted to the tissue through dielectric as well as Ionic dissipation. Studies of the theory have suggested that the energy transfer to tissues could be up to 200 kV/m.


The electric properties of tissues are regulated in the form and quantity of water molecules and ions and other substances in the body. This determines how absorbed RF EMR is by different tissues. The tissues with the highest conductivity tend to absorb more of the field, and thus cause more of an effect. This is the reason why the amount of heat generated by tissue does not increase steadily between the outside and inside the body however, it is more prevalent in hot areas. Bone and fatty tissue is less susceptible to heating by RF as compared to other tissues, since they have a low water content.

emf sensitivity test of the field's penetration depends on the frequency and strength of field. Muscle tissue absorbs more energy than other tissues and converts it into heat more effectively. Usually the depth of penetration of RF-EMF is measured in millimeters (mm). But, the higher the frequency, the more shallow the penetration.

RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption
Researchers have found that RF-EMF can disrupt the blood-brain barrier which can alter sleep patterns and neurotransmitter levels. Additionally to this, the effects that EMF in brain activities are linked to neurodegenerative diseases. For example, EMF from mobile phones could affect the electroencephalogram's activity and sleep patterns, and the activities of nitric oxide and xanthin oxidase.

Researchers from the Vienna University have studied the effects of exposure to RF EMF in brain cells. They also looked at how ELF EMFs on the brain system. Though the cellular mechanisms that play a role are not fully known, there is a clear connection between exposure to ELF-EMF and depletion of myelin. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. Fortunately, there are some proven methods for regenerating myelin in the brain.

Researchers have observed that exposure to the frequency of 900 MHz EMF increased the permeability of the BBB and also increased the indicators of neuronal injury in rats. They also observed an increase in the extravasation of albumin into neurons. Further, they found in 30 minutes 900 MHz exposure, 99mTc-MIBI increased its permeation to the cerebral cortex. But this effect didn't occur with Evans blue-based injections.

Despite these findings, RF-EMF is not able to provide a definitive mechanism to disrupt the BBB. Research suggests that EMF exposure may increase erythrocyte cell membrane permeability, which could affect the BBB and enhance the efflux of calcium ions. Moreover, the presence of a 99mTc-MIBI radiotracer in the brain is also linked to increasing the permeability of the BBB.

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